Efectos de la aplicación de la normativa derivada del Protocolo de Kyoto en la actividad industrial española

Résumé

The Kyoto protocol proposed inside the convention from the climate change of the United Nations, consists in a set of proposals to reach the reduction of the gas emissions in the industrialized countries. The compromise implies a reduction of emissions of six gases (CO2, CH4, N2O, PFC, HFC y SF6) for the period 2008-2012, taking as reference the year 1990 for the three first gases and 1995 for the rest. It has been approved at February, 16, 2005 and after a year it has been ratified by 141 countries which suppose the 61.6 % of all the emissions. In Spain, the emissions has increased a 45% from 1990, when its compromise was an increase of 15% until 2012, this data have converted our country as the most distanced of the compromise assumed of all the U.E. countries, showing that the mechanisms implanted are far to be efficient. These mechanisms, in the industrialized countries, are related to the promotion of renewable sources of energy, the use of less polluted technologies or better generation and consumption of energy systems. The enterprises must adjust their emissions to the quote assigned previously. In Spain the quotes are regulated by the National Assignation Plan (PNA) regulated by the R.D. 1866/2004 for the period 2005-2007. Each country can commercialize their “emission allowances” with other countries. In Spain this market is regulated by the R.D. 5/2004, which regulates also the authorisation for gas emissions of each production plant. In this communication it is analyzed the situation found in Spain one year after the beginning of the compromises of the Kyoto protocol, which projects and actions must be implanted to approximate the gas emissions to limits imposed to our country and a economical valuation of the costs that the adaptation of the plants to the limits imposed by the PNA can suppose respect the use of new technologies or new projects to improve the environmental behaviour of the production activities.