Improving quality of life and reducing behavioral problems of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities through deinstitutionalization
- Patricia Navas
- Laura Esteban
- Víctor Arias
- Miguel Ángel Verdugo
ISSN: 0214-9915, 1886-144X
Any de publicació: 2024
Volum: 36
Número: 2
Pàgines: 113-122
Tipus: Article
Altres publicacions en: Psicothema
Resum
Antecedentes: Las personas con discapacidades intelectuales y del desarrollo (DID) con grandes necesidades de apoyo tienen más probabilidades de vivir en entornos segregados y altamente institucionalizados. Este estudio pretende analizar los cambios en el funcionamiento y calidad de vida de este colectivo tras la transición a viviendas ubicadas en la comunidad. Método: La muestra incluyó 54 adultos con DID con grandes necesidades de apoyo que fueron evaluados en tres momentos temporales: antes de la transición, seis meses y un año después de la misma. Se aplicaron los instrumentos Resident Choice Scale, la Escala de Calidad de Vida San Martín, Active Support Participation Measure y la sección de Problemas de Conducta del Inventory for Client and Agency Planning. Los datos fueron analizados a partir de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales de mínimos cuadrados parciales (PLS-SEM) y pruebas t para medidas repetidas. Resultados: Se observaron mejoras significativas en toma de decisiones, participación e independencia en actividades cotidianas y en calidad de vida, así como una reducción de los problemas de conducta. Conclusiones: Los beneficios encontrados apoyan la necesidad de llevar a cabo procesos de transformación hacia servicios y prácticas profesionales más inclusivas que fomenten los derechos y la pertenencia comunitaria.
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