PM speciation in Spain
- Xavier Querol
- Andrés Alastuey
- Teresa Moreno
- María del Mar Viana
- Sonia Castillo
- Jorge Pey
- Noemí Pérez
- Sergio Rodríguez
- Begoña Artíñano
- Miguel Sánchez
- Saúl García dos Santos
- María Dolores Herce Garraleta
- Rosalía Fernández-Patier
- Stella Moreno 1
- Luis Negral 1
- María Cruz Minguillón
- Eliseo Monfort
- María José Sanz
- Eduardo Pinilla-Gil
- Emilio Cuevas
- Jesús de la Rosa
- Ana Sánchez de la Campa
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1
Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena
info
Año de publicación: 2007
Tipo: Aportación congreso
Resumen
A review of the results of PM speciation and source apportionment performed in differentSpanish locations (37 sites) from 1999 to 2006 was reported. The data were made up of timeseries of levels of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1, and of around 60 components of PM, with at least oneyear of duration at each site. In most cases PM levels increased from background sites towardsthe curbside sites. Spatial variations were observed for nitrate and sulfate (the first increasingtowards the Mediterranean coast, the second in industrial hotspots and in areas with highshipping emission influence). Both mineral matter and OC+EC increase in the traffic hotspots.High relevance is given to the levels of mineral matter, both in PM10 and PM2.5. High levels ofmineral matter are measured in traffic hotspots because there is an accumulative process of roaddust due to the scarce precipitation. In most of Europe this is not occurring because of morefrequent washout of dust by rain. African dust accounts for around 10–30 annual exceedances ofthe PM daily limit value. Its contribution to the annual mean PM10 ranges from 1 µg/m3 to5 µg/m3. Thus, most of mineral dust has an anthropogenic origin, although Saharan dustcontribution may have influence on: the annual mean PM levels recorded in some areas of thecountry, and the annual exceedances of the number of PM10 daily limit value. Sourceapportionment data of a number of sites is shown, indicating that road traffic may represent as aminimum from 30% to 50% of the PM10 annual levels in most Spanish cities. Analysis of PM10,PM2.5 and PM1 levels shows that PM1 is much less influenced by dust than PM2.5. A list of traceelements is analysed for the study sites giving a concentration range for different environmentsstudied. Levels of Zn, Sb, Ba and Cu are relatively high in traffic hotspots, even when comparedwith industrial sites. Finally, a summary of results from a study by Rodriguez et al. (2007), onthe relationship of PM2.5 mass and number concentration is shown.