Last Local Glacial Maximum and deglaciation of the Andean Central Volcanic Zonethe case of Hualcahualca volcano and Patapampa Altiplano (Southern Peru)El caso del volcán HualcaHualca y del altiplano de Patapampa (Sur de Perú)

  1. J. Alcalá Reygosa 12
  1. 1 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
    info

    Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

    Ciudad de México, México

    ROR https://ror.org/01tmp8f25

  2. 2 Universidad Complutense de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Complutense de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR 02p0gd045

Revista:
Cuadernos de investigación geográfica: Geographical Research Letters
  1. Palacios Estremera, David (ed. lit.)
  2. Vázquez-Selem, Lorenzo (ed. lit.)

ISSN: 0211-6820,  1697-9540

Año de publicación: 2017

Volumen: 43

Número: 2

Páginas: 649-666

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.18172/CIG.3231 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: Cuadernos de investigación geográfica: Geographical Research Letters

Resumen

El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer cuándo comenzó el retroceso de los glaciares desde el Último Máximo Glaciar Local tanto en el volcán HualcaHualca y el Altiplano de Patapampa, ambos localizados al sur de Perú, como en la Zona Volcánica Centroandina. Para ello se presentan 9 edades de exposición a la radiación cósmica procedentes de morrenas y umbrales rocosos pulidos y estriados. Dichas edades indican que los glaciares del HualcaHualca alcanzaron su máxima extensión hace ~17-16 ka en sincronía con el Heinrich 1 y la formación del paleolago Tauca. Desde entonces los glaciares empezaron a retroceder hasta ~12 ka cuando experimentaron un reavance o una fase de estabilización. La deglaciación fue constante desde hace ~11.5 ka en el HualcaHualca, coincidiendo con la desaparición del casquete de Hielo de Patapampa. Esta evolución de los glaciares del área de estudio no corrobora un Último Máximo Glaciar Local más antiguo que el Último Máximo Glaciar global pero sí indica su elevada sensibilidad a los cambios en la precipitación. De acuerdo con el análisis de las edades de exposición a la radiación cósmica de los volcanes HualcaHualca, Sajama y Tunupa, se infiere que el inicio de la deglaciación en la Zona Volcánica Centroandina tuvo lugar al finalizar el evento Heinrich 1 y la fase lacustre Tauca. Sin embargo, el retroceso no fue continuo ya que se registra al menos un reavance o fase de estabilización en la mayoría de los volcanes estudiados aunque la inconsistencia entre sus edades no permite relacionar con claridad dicha fase glaciar con los eventos climáticos fríos Younger Dryas y Antarctic Cold Reversal. Después, las masas de hielo de la Zona Volcánica Centroandina experimentaron un marcado retroceso, interrumpido temporalmente por al menos tres reavances o periodos de estabilización de menor entidad que evidencian que el clima durante el Holoceno no fue continuamente cálido y/o seco. Por último cabe destacar que a pesar de que las edades de exposición a la radiación cósmica proporcionan una información cronológica valiosa, de momento no permiten reconstruir de forma sólida la historia de los glaciares y establecer conexiones claras con los principales eventos fríos debido a las limitaciones que presentan las tasas de producción y el uso de diferentes modelos de escala. Con el objeto de reducir la incertidumbre derivada de estas limitaciones, sería necesario determinar una tasa de producción precisa de cada isótopo cosmogénico en los Andes Centrales, un modelo de escala de referencia y recalcular las edades publicadas.

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Información de financiación

This work was carried out with the support of Project CGL2012-35858 funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness.

Financiadores

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