Periimplantología

Abstract

The tissues which dental implants are very similar to the periodontium around natural teeth, although significant differences do exit. The most important similarities concern the gingival or the peri-implant seal, which are composed of a functional epithelium by the hemidesmosomes and the existence of toothlike gingival sulcus. The differences exist in the bone-implant interphase that differs from the tooth to bone interphase because it has no ligament. From a theoretical standpoint, the lack of a periodontal ligament is responsible for two functional differences which could be of clinical importance, first the lack of proprioceptive receptor which could reduce the control of the implant function and the lack of cushioning of the stomatogastric system forces. The current scientific evidence supports the idea that both circumstances are not critical for the longevity of the implant in the long run. Similar to the teeth, the implants can present peri-implant tissue infection, which ultimately can lead to the loss of them. The terms periimplnat mucositis and periimplantitis have been used in the same way that gingivitis and periodontitis are used. The treatment of these lesions is currently standardized in relation to the amount of disease and is based on mechanical and/or chemical therapy. Prevention, as well as in periodontology, is the best way to avoid problems.