Entrenamiento de fuerza isoinercial en adultos mayores: una revisión sistemática

  1. Cristian Andres Yánez
  2. Erica Mabel Mancera
  3. Carlos Suárez
Revista:
Apunts: Educación física y deportes

ISSN: 2014-0983

Año de publicación: 2022

Número: 147

Páginas: 36-44

Tipo: Artículo

Otras publicaciones en: Apunts: Educación física y deportes

Resumen

La conservación del músculo esquelético y su capacidad en la generación de mayores estímulos nerviosos se favorecen con el uso de equipos isoinerciales, ya que estos permiten un mayor desempeño tendinoso y neuromuscular junto con una mejor dinámica metabólica ante la pérdida de masa magra (sarcopenia) y de fuerza muscular (dinapenia) en los adultos mayores, debida a efectos multifactoriales tales como: incremento de citoquinas catabólicas que generan la degradación de proteínas, atrofia, desórdenes hormonales, incremento o disminución de masa grasa. El propósito del presente estudio fue establecer los efectos neuromusculares del entrenamiento de fuerza isoinercial en adultos mayores. Se presenta una revisión de la literatura científica mediante una búsqueda en bases de datos (PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, ProQuest) sobre los efectos del entrenamiento isoinercial en el desempeño neuromuscular en adultos mayores. El mecanismo del entrenamiento isoinercial genera cambios positivos sobre el reclutamiento de unidades motoras, los niveles de fuerza y potencia, preservando la función neuromuscular y tendinosa en los adultos mayores.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Aagaard, P., Suetta, C., Caserotti, P., Magnusson, S. P., & Kjær, M. (2010). Role of the nervous system in sarcopenia and muscle atrophy with aging: Strength training as a countermeasure Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 20(1), 49-64. doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01084.x
  • Aboodarda, S. J., Page, P. A., & Behm, D. G. (2016). Muscle activation comparisons between elastic and isoinertial resistance: A meta-analysis. In Clinical Biomechanics (vol. 39). doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2016.09.008
  • Algilani, S., Östlund-Lagerström, L., Kihlgren, A., Blomberg, K., Brummer, R. J., & Schoultz, I. (2014). Exploring the concept of optimal functionality in old age. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 7, 69-79. doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S55178
  • Beato, M., McErlain-Naylor, S. A., Halperin, I., & Iacono, A. Dello. (2020). Current evidence and practical applications of flywheel eccentric overload exercises as postactivation potentiation protocols: A brief review. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 15(2), 154-161. doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0476
  • Bogdanis, G. C., Tsoukos, A., Brown, L. E., Selima, E., Veligekas, P., Spengos, K., & Terzis, G. (2018). Muscle Fiber and Performance Changes after Fast Eccentric Complex Training. In Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise (Vol. 50, Issue 4). doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001507
  • Borde, R., Hortobágyi, T., & Granacher, U. (2015). Dose-Response Relationships of Resistance Training in Healthy Old Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine, 45(12), 1693-1720. doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0385-9
  • Bruseghini, P., Capelli, C., Calabria, E., Rossi, A. P., & Tam, E. (2019). Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training and Isoinertial Training on Leg Extensors Muscle Function, Structure, and Intermuscular Adipose Tissue in Older Adults. Frontiers in Physiology, 10(October), 1-14. doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.01260
  • Burd, N. A., Andrews, R. J., West, D. W. D., Little, J. P., Cochran, A. J. R., Hector, A. J., Cashaback, J. G. A., Gibala, M. J., Potvin, J. R., Baker, S. K., & Phillips, S. M. (2012). Muscle time under tension during resistance exercise stimulates differential muscle protein sub-fractional synthetic responses in men. Journal of Physiology, 590(2), 351-362. doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2011.221200
  • Cadore, E. L., Pinto, R. S., Bottaro, M., & Izquierdo, M. (2014). Strength and endurance training prescription in healthy and frail elderly. Aging and Disease, 5(3), 183-195. doi.org/10.14336/AD.2014.0500183
  • Camera, D. M., Smiles, W. J., & John, A. (2016). Author ’ s Accepted Manuscript. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.007
  • Campbell, T. M., & Vallis, L. A. (2014). Predicting fat-freemass index and sarcopenia in assisted-living older adults. Age, 36(4). doi.org/10.1007/s11357-014-9674-8
  • Cermak, N. M., Snijders, T., McKay, B. R., Parise, G., Verdijk, L. B., Tarnopolsky, M. A., Gibala, M. J., & Van Loon, L. J. C. (2013). Eccentric exercise increases satellite cell content in type II muscle fibers. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 45(2), 230-237. doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318272cf47
  • Conceição, M. S., Vechin, F. C., Lixandrão, M., Damas, F., Libardi, C. A., Tricoli, V., Roschel, H., Camera, D., & Ugrinowitsch, C. (2018). Muscle Fiber Hypertrophy and Myonuclei Addition: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 50(7), 1385-1393. doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001593
  • Douglas, J., Pearson, S., Ross, A., & McGuigan, M. (2017). Eccentric Exercise: Physiological Characteristics and Acute Responses. Sports Medicine, 47(4), 663-675. doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0624-8
  • Fernández-Argüelles, E. L., Rodríguez-Mansilla, J., Antunez, L. E., Garrido-Ardila, E. M., & Muñoz, R. P. (2015). Effects of dancing on the risk of falling related factors of healthy older adults: A systematic review. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 60(1), 1-8. doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2014.10.003
  • Fisher, J. P., Ravalli, S., Carlson, L., Bridgeman, L. A., Roggio, F., Scuderi, S., Maniaci, M., Cortis, C., Fusco, A., & Musumeci, G. (2020). The “Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology” Journal Club series: Utility and advantages of the eccentric training through the isoinertial system. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology,5(1). doi.org/10.3390/jfmk5010006
  • Foldvari, M., Clark, M., Laviolette, L. C., Bernstein, M. A., Kaliton, D., Castaneda, C., Pu, C. T., Hausdorff, J. M., Fielding, R. A., & Fiatarone Singh, M. A. (2000). Association of muscle power with functional status in community-dwelling elderly women. Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 55(4), 24-27. doi.org/10.1093/gerona/55.4.M192
  • Fragala, M. S., Cadore, E. L., Dorgo, S., Izquierdo, M., Kraemer, W. J., Peterson, M. D., & Ryan, E. D. (2019). Resistance Training for Older Adults: Position Statement From the National Strength and Conditioning Association. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33(8),2019-2052. doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003230
  • Gehlert, S., Suhr, F., Gutsche, K., Willkomm, L., Kern, J., Jacko, D., Knicker, A., Schiffer, T., Wackerhage, H., & Bloch, W. (2015). High force development augments skeletal muscle signalling in resistance exercise modes equalized for time under tension. Pflugers Archiv European Journal of Physiology, 467(6), 1343-1356. doi.org/10.1007/s00424-014-1579-y
  • Granacher, U., Gollhofer, A., Hortobágyi, T., Kressig, R. W., & Muehlbauer, T. (2013a). The importance of trunk muscle strength for balance, functional performance, and fall prevention in seniors: A systematic review. Sports Medicine, 43(7), 627-641. doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0041-1
  • Granacher, U., Lacroix, A., Muehlbauer, T., Roettger, K., & Gollhofer, A. (2013b). Effects of core instability strength training on trunk muscle strength, spinal mobility, dynamic balance and functional mobility in older adults. Gerontology, 59(2), 105-113. doi.org/10.1159/000343152
  • Granacher, U., Zahner, L., & Gollhofer, A. (2008). Strength, power, and postural control in seniors: Considerations for functional adaptations and for fall prevention. European Journal of Sport Science, 8(6), 325-340. doi.org/10.1080/17461390802478066
  • Grgic, J., Garofolini, A., Orazem, J., Sabol, F., Schoenfeld, B. J., & Pedisic, Z. (2020). Effects of Resistance Training on Muscle Size and Strength in Very Elderly Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Sports Medicine, 50(11), 1983-1999. doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01331-7
  • Gschwind, Y. J., Kressig, R. W., Lacroix, A., Muehlbauer, T., Pfenninger, B., & Granacher, U. (2013). A best practice fall prevention exercise program to improve balance, strength / power, and psychosocial health in older adults: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatrics, 13(1), 1. doi.org/10.1186/1471-2318-13-105
  • Guilhem, G., Cornu, C., & Guével, A. (2010). Adaptations neuromusculaires et musculo-tendineuses à l’exercice excentrique isotonique et isocinétique. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 53(5), 319-341. doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2010.04.003
  • Hedayatpour, N., & Falla, D. (2015). Physiological and Neural Adaptations to Eccentric Exercise: Mechanisms and Considerations for Training. BioMed Research International, 2015. doi.org/10.1155/2015/193741
  • Herzog, W., Powers, K., Johnston, K., & Duvall, M. (2015). A new paradigm for muscle contraction. Frontiers in Physiology, 6(MAY), 1-11. doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2015.00174
  • Hody, S., Croisier, J. L., Bury, T., Rogister, B., & Leprince, P. (2019). Eccentric muscle contractions: Risks and benefits. In Frontiers in Physiology (Vol. 10, Issue MAY). Frontiers Media S.A. doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00536
  • Hughes, D. C., Ellefsen, S., & Baar, K. (2018). Adaptations to endurance and strength training. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, 8(6), 1-18. doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a029769
  • Illera-Domínguez, V., Nuell, S., Carmona, G., Padullés, J. M., Padullés, X., Lloret, M., Cussó, R., Alomar, X., & Cadefau, J. A. (2018). Early functional and morphological muscle adaptations during shortterm inertial-squat training. Frontiers in Physiology, 9(SEP), 1-12. doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01265
  • Katz, B. Y. B. (1939). The relation between force and speed in muscular contraction. The Journal of Physiology, 96(1), 45-64. doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1939.sp003756
  • Konopka, A. R., & Harber, M. P. (2014). Skeletal muscle hypertrophy after aerobic exercise training. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 42(2), 53-61. doi.org/10.1249/JES.0000000000000007
  • Kosek, D. J., Kim, J. S., Petrella, J. K., Cross, J. M., & Bamman, M. M. (2006). Efficacy of 3 days/wk resistance training on myofiber hypertrophy and myogenic mechanisms in young vs. older adults. Journal of Applied Physiology, 101(2), 531-544. doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01474.2005
  • Kowalchuk, & Butcher, S. (2019). Eccentric overload flywheel training in older adults. In Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology (Vol. 4, Issue 3). doi.org/10.3390/jfmk4030061
  • Lastayo, P., Marcus, R., Dibble, L., Wong, B., & Pepper, G. (2017). Eccentric versus traditional resistance exercise for older adult fallers in the community : a randomized trial within a multi-component fall reduction program. 1-11. doi.org/10.1186/s12877-017-0539-8
  • Latham N, Anderson C, Bennett D, S. C. (2009). Progressive resistance strength training for physical disability in older people ( Review ). Cochrane Database Syst Rev., 2. doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002759
  • Lee, I. H., & Park, S. Y. (2013). Balance Improvement by Strength Training for the Elderly. 1591-1593. doi.org/10.1589/jpts.25.1591
  • Liao, C. De, Chen, H. C., Huang, S. W., & Liou, T. H. (2019). Reply to: “Comment on the role of muscle mass gain following protein supplementation plus exercise therapy in older adults with sarcopenia and frailty risks: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomized trials, nutrients 2019, 11, 1713.” Nutrients, 11(10), 1 23. doi.org/10.3390/nu11102420
  • Lienhard, K., Lauermann, S. P., Schneider, D., Item-Glatthorn, J. F., Casartelli, N. C., & Maffiuletti, N. A. (2013). Validity and reliability of isometric, isokinetic and isoinertial modalities for the assessment of quadriceps muscle strength in patients with total knee arthroplasty. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 23(6), 1283-1288. doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2013.09.004
  • Maroto-Izquierdo, S., García-López, D., & De Paz, J. A. (2017). Functional and Muscle-Size Effects of Flywheel Resistance Training with Eccentric-Overload in Professional Handball Players. Journal of Human Kinetics,60(1), 133-143. doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0096
  • Meylan, C., Cronin, J., & Nosaka, K. (2008). Isoinertial assessment of eccentric muscular strenght. Strenght Cond J, 30(2), 56-64.
  • Mitchell, W. K., Williams, J., Atherton, P., Larvin, M., Lund, J., & Narici, M. (2012). Sarcopenia, dynapenia, and the impact of advancing age on human skeletal muscle size and strength; a quantitative review. Frontiers in Physiology, 3 JUL(July), 1-18. doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2012.00260
  • Newman, A. B., Kupelian, V., Visser, M., Simonsick, E. M., Goodpaster, B. H., Kritchevsky, S. B., Tylavsky, F. A., Rubin, S. M., & Harris, T. B. (2006). Strength, but not muscle mass, is associated with mortality in the health, aging and body composition study cohort. Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 61(1), 72-77. doi.org/10.1093/gerona/61.1.72
  • Norrbrand, L., Pozzo, M., & Tesch, P. A. (2010). Flywheel resistance training calls for greater eccentric muscle activation than weight training. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 110(5), 997-1005. doi.org/10.1007/s00421-010-1575-7
  • Núñez, F. J., Santalla, A., Carrasquila, I., Asian, J. A., Reina, J. I., & Suarez-Arrones, L. J. (2018). The effects of unilateral and bilateral eccentric overload training on hypertrophy, muscle power and COD performance, and its determinants, in team sport players. PLoS ONE, 13(3). doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193841
  • Onambélé, G. L., Maganaris, C. N., Mian, O. S., Tam, E., Rejc, E., McEwan, I. M., & Narici, M. V. (2008). Neuromuscular and balance responses to flywheel inertial versus weight training in older persons. Journal of Biomechanics, 41(15), 3133-3138. doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.09.004
  • Papa, E. V., Dong, X., & Hassan, M. (2017). Resistance training for activity limitations in older adults with skeletal muscle function deficits: A systematic review. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 12, 955-961 . doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S104674
  • Papadopoulou, S. K. (2020). Sarcopenia: A contemporary health problem among older adult populations. Nutrients, 12(5). doi.org/10.3390/nu12051293
  • Pareja-Blanco, F., Rodríguez-Rosell, D., Sánchez-Medina, L., Gorostiaga, E. M., & González-Badillo, J. J. (2014). Effect of movement velocity during resistance training on neuromuscular performance. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(11), 916-924. doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1363985
  • Petré, H., Wernstål, F., & Mattsson, C. M. (2018). Effects of Flywheel Training on Strength-Related Variables: a Meta-analysis. Sports Medicine - Open, 4(1). doi.org/10.1186/s40798-018-0169-5
  • Remaud, A., Cornu, C., & Guével, A. (2010). Neuromuscular adaptations to 8-week strength training: Isotonic versus isokinetic mode. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 108(1), 59-69. doi.org/10.1007/s00421-009-1164-9
  • Russ, D. W., Gregg-Cornell, K., Conaway, M. J., & Clark, B. C. (2012). Evolving concepts on the age-related changes in “muscle quality.” Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, 3(2), 95-109. doi.org/10.1007/s13539-011-0054-2
  • Sánchez-Moreno, M., Rodríguez-Rosell, D., Pareja-Blanco, F., Mora-Custodio, R., & González-Badillo, J. J. (2017). Movement velocity as indicator of relative intensity and level of effort attained during the set in pull-up exercise. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(10), 1378-1384. doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0791
  • Sañudo, B., González-Navarrete, Á., Álvarez-Barbosa, F., de Hoyo, M., Del Pozo, J., & Rogers, M. E. (2019). Effect of flywheel resistance training on balance performance in older adults. A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 18(2), 344-350.
  • Schoenfeld, B. J., Grgic, J., Ogborn, D., & Krieger, J. W. (2017). Strength and Hypertrophy Adaptations Between Low- vs. High-Load Resistance Training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(12), 3508-3523. doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000002200
  • Shafiee, G., Keshtkar, A., Soltani, A., Ahadi, Z., Larijani, B., & Heshmat, R. (2017). Prevalence of sarcopenia in the world: A systematic review and meta-analysis of general population studies. Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, 16(1), 1-10. doi.org/10.1186/s40200-017-0302-x
  • Solà-Serrabou, M., López, J. L., & Valero, O. (2019). Effectiveness of training in the elderly and its impact on health-related quality of life. Apunts Educación Física y Deportes, 137, 30-42. doi.org/10.5672/apunts.2014-0983.es.(2019/3).137.03
  • Stewart, V. H., Saunders, D. H., & Greig, C. A. (2014). Responsiveness of muscle size and strength to physical training in very elderly people: A systematic review. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 24(1), 1-10. doi.org/10.1111/sms.12123
  • Strasser, B., Volaklis, K., Fuchs, D., & Burtscher, M. (2018). Role of Dietary Protein and Muscular Fitness on Longevity and Aging. Aging Dis., 9(1), 119-132. doi.org/10.14336/AD.2017.0202
  • Suchomel, T. J., Wagle, J. P., Douglas, J., Taber, C. B., Harden, M., Gregory Haff, G., & Stone, M. H. (2019). Implementing eccentric resistance training—Part 1: A brief review of existing methods. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 4(2), 1-25. doi.org/10.3390/jfmk4020038
  • Tesch, P. A., Fernandez-Gonzalo, R., & Lundberg, T. R. (2017). Clinical applications of iso-inertial, eccentric-overload (YoYoTM) resistance exercise. Frontiers in Physiology, 8(APR). doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00241
  • Ticinesi, A., Nouvenne, A., Cerundolo, N., Catania, P., Prati, B., Tana, C., & Meschi, T. (2019). Gut Microbiota , Muscle Mass and Function in Aging : A Focus on Physical Frailty and Sarcopenia. 1-21.
  • Tous-Fajardo, J., Gonzalo-Skok, O., Arjol-Serrano, J. L., & Tesch, P. (2016). Enhancing change-of-direction speed in soccer players by functional inertial eccentric overload and vibration training. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 11(1), 66-73. doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0010
  • U.S. Census Bureau. International database. (2015). Tables. www.census.gov/data/tables.html
  • Unhjem, R., Lundestad, R., Fimland, M. S., Mosti, M. P., & Wang, E. (2015). Strength training-induced responses in older adults: attenuation of descending neural drive with age. Age, 37(3). doi.org/10.1007/s11357-015-9784-y
  • Vandervoort, A. A. (2002). Aging of the human neuromuscular system. Muscle and Nerve, 25(1), 17-25. doi.org/10.1002/mus.1215
  • Voet, N. B. M., van der Kooi, E. L., van Engelen, B. G. M., & Geurts, A. C. H. (2019). Strength training and aerobic exercise training for muscle disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2019(12). doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003907.pub5
  • Walker, S., Blazevich, A. J., Haff, G. G., Tufano, J. J., Newton, R. U., & Häkkinen, K. (2016). Greater Strength Gains after Training with Accentuated Eccentric than Traditional Isoinertial Loads in Already Strength-Trained Men. 7(April), 1-12. doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00149
  • ]Walston, J. D. (2012). Sarcopenia in older adults. Current Opinion in Rheumatology, 24(6), 623-627. doi.org/10.1097/ BOR.0b013e328358d59b
  • Wonders, J. (2019). Flywheel Training in Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation: a Clinical Commentary. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 14(6), 994-1000. doi.org/10.26603/ijspt20190994
  • Yamada, A. K., Verlengia, R., & Bueno Junior, C. R. (2012). Mechanotransduction pathways in skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction, 32(1), 42-44. doi.org/10.3109/10799893.2011.641978
  • Zeng, P., Han, Y., Pang, J., Wu, S., Gong, H., Zhu, J., Li, J., & Zhang, T. (2016). Sarcopenia-related features and factors associated with lower muscle strength and physical performance in older Chinese: A cross sectional study Physical functioning, physical health and activity. BMC Geriatrics, 16(1). doi.org/10.1186/s12877-016-0220-7