Orientación sexual, autoestima y rendimiento académico en la adolescencia

  1. Alicia Pérez-Albéniz 1
  2. Beatriz Lucas-Molina 2
  3. Andrea Gutiérrez García 1
  4. Cristina Elvira-Rey 1
  5. Javier Ortuño-Sierra 1
  6. Adriana Díez Gómez 1
  7. Eduardo Fonseca Pedrero 1
  1. 1 Universidad de La Rioja
    info

    Universidad de La Rioja

    Logroño, España

    ROR https://ror.org/0553yr311

  2. 2 Universitat de València
    info

    Universitat de València

    Valencia, España

    ROR https://ror.org/043nxc105

Revue:
Revista de educación

ISSN: 0034-8082

Année de publication: 2023

Número: 399

Pages: 79-103

Type: Article

DOI: 10.4438/1988-592X-RE-2023-399-562 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAccès ouvert editor

D'autres publications dans: Revista de educación

Résumé

A pesar de los cambios sociales producidos en los últimos años, la evidencia pone de manifiesto que la pertenencia a colectivos de minorías sexuales se asocia a desigualdades, discriminaciones y a un estigma que ubica a las personas en situación de vulnerabilidad. Esta vulnerabilidad psicosocial puede tener un impacto especialmente negativo en la adolescencia. En concreto, la evidencia científica ha mostrado una clara relación entre la orientación sexual no heterosexual y la presencia de dificultades en el ámbito de la salud mental. Asociado a este hecho, algunos estudios han indicado también el impacto de la pertenencia a minorías sexuales sobre el rendimiento académico. Sin embargo, los estudios realizados hasta la fecha son escasos, especialmente en la etapa adolescente, donde el ámbito académico es crucial. El objetivo del presente estudio fue examinar, en una muestra representativa de adolescentes, si la pertenencia a un grupo minoritario de orientación sexual (homosexuales, bisexuales o questioning) estaba asociada con un peor rendimiento académico. Además, debido a la importancia de la autoestima sobre el rendimiento académico, se pretendía analizar si un adecuado nivel de autoestima podría moderar la relación entre ambas variables. El estudio se condujo con una muestra de 1.777 adolescentes (M=15,70 años; SD=1,26) seleccionados mediante un muestreo aleatorio estratificado por conglomerados. La orientación sexual fue evaluada por la atracción experimentada hacia otras personas. Como indicadores de rendimiento académico se usaron la nota media del curso anterior y el número de asignaturas suspensas en la evaluación anterior. Los resultados no mostraron un efecto principal significativo de la orientación sexual ni de su interacción con la autoestima sobre los indicadores de rendimiento académico utilizados. Los resultados contrastan con los obtenidos en estudios previos e indican que la pertenencia a minorías sexuales por orientación sexual no está asociado a dificultades a nivel académico.

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