J-PLUS: Discovery and characterisation of ultracool dwarfs using Virtual Observatory tools

  1. Mas-Buitrago, P.
  2. Solano, E.
  3. González-Marcos, A.
  4. Rodrigo, C.
  5. Martín, E. L.
  6. Caballero, J. A.
  7. Jiménez-Esteban, F.
  8. Cruz, P.
  9. Ederoclite, A.
  10. Ordieres-Meré, J.
  11. Bello-García, A. 1
  12. Dupke, R. A.
  13. Cenarro, A. J.
  14. Cristóbal-Hornillos, D.
  15. Hernández-Monteagudo, C.
  16. López-Sanjuan, C.
  17. Marín-Franch, A.
  18. Moles, M.
  19. Varela, J.
  20. Vázquez Ramió, H.
  21. Alcaniz, J.
  22. Sodré, L.
  23. Angulo, R. E.
  1. 1 Universidad de Oviedo
    info

    Universidad de Oviedo

    Oviedo, España

    ROR https://ror.org/006gksa02

  2. 2 Centro de Astrobiología
    info

    Centro de Astrobiología

    Madrid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/038szmr31

  3. 3 Spanish Virtual Observatory
  4. 4 Universidad de La Rioja
    info

    Universidad de La Rioja

    Logroño, España

    ROR https://ror.org/0553yr311

  5. 5 Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
    info

    Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

    Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España

    ROR https://ror.org/03cmntr54

  6. 6 Universidad de La Laguna
    info

    Universidad de La Laguna

    San Cristobal de La Laguna, España

    ROR https://ror.org/01r9z8p25

  7. 7 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
    info

    Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas

    Madrid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/02gfc7t72

  8. 8 Centro de Estudios de Física del Cosmos de Aragón (CEFCA)
  9. 9 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/03n6nwv02

  10. 10 National Observatory
    info

    National Observatory

    Río de Janeiro, Brasil

    ROR https://ror.org/03d47z838

  11. 11 University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
    info

    University of Michigan–Ann Arbor

    Ann Arbor, Estados Unidos

    ROR https://ror.org/00jmfr291

  12. 12 University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa
    info

    University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa

    Tuscaloosa, Estados Unidos

    ROR https://ror.org/03xrrjk67

  13. 13 Universidade de São Paulo
    info

    Universidade de São Paulo

    São Paulo, Brasil

    ROR https://ror.org/036rp1748

  14. 14 Donostia International Physics Center
    info

    Donostia International Physics Center

    San Sebastián, España

    ROR https://ror.org/02e24yw40

  15. 15 Ikerbasque, Fundación Vasca para la Ciencia
    info

    Ikerbasque, Fundación Vasca para la Ciencia

    Bilbao, España

    ROR https://ror.org/01cc3fy72

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Revista:
Astronomy & Astrophysics

ISSN: 0004-6361,  1432-0746

Año de publicación: 2022

Volumen: 666

Páginas: A147

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202243895 GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Astronomy & Astrophysics

Resumen

Context. Ultracool dwarfs (UCDs) comprise the lowest mass members of the stellar population and brown dwarfs, from M7 V to cooler objects with L, T, and Y spectral types. Most of them have been discovered using wide-field imaging surveys, for which the Virtual Observatory (VO) has proven to be of great utility.Aims. We aim to perform a search for UCDs in the entire Javalambre Photometric Local Universe Survey (J-PLUS) second data release (2176 deg2) following a VO methodology. We also explore the ability to reproduce this search with a purely machine learning (ML)-based methodology that relies solely on J-PLUS photometry.Methods. We followed three different approaches based on parallaxes, proper motions, and colours, respectively, using the VOSA tool to estimate the effective temperatures and complement J-PLUS photometry with other catalogues in the optical and infrared. For the ML methodology, we built a two-step method based on principal component analysis and support vector machine algorithms.Results. We identified a total of 7827 new candidate UCDs, which represents an increase of about 135% in the number of UCDs reported in the sky coverage of the J-PLUS second data release. Among the candidate UCDs, we found 122 possible unresolved binary systems, 78 wide multiple systems, and 48 objects with a high Bayesian probability of belonging to a young association. We also identified four objects with strong excess in the filter corresponding to the Ca II H and K emission lines and four other objects with excess emission in the Hα filter. Follow-up spectroscopic observations of two of them indicate they are normal late-M dwarfs. With the ML approach, we obtained a recall score of 92% and 91% in the 20 × 20 deg2 regions used for testing and blind testing, respectively.Conclusions. We consolidated the proposed search methodology for UCDs, which will be used in deeper and larger upcoming surveys such as J-PAS and Euclid. We concluded that the ML methodology is more efficient in the sense that it allows for a larger number of true negatives to be discarded prior to analysis with VOSA, although it is more photometrically restrictive.

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