Connections between body image and adolescents’ health, psychological and social variables
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1
Universidad de Oviedo
info
ISSN: 1989-6239
Año de publicación: 2022
Título del ejemplar: Septiembre-Diciembre
Volumen: 14
Número: 3
Tipo: Artículo
Otras publicaciones en: Journal of sport and health research
Resumen
El objetivo fue incrementar el conocimiento existente en relación a la imagen corporal en adolescentes y su conexión con variables relacionadas con la salud (Índice de Masa Corporal, hábitos de sueño), la psicología (bienestar, autoconcepto físico) y la sociología (nivel socioeconómico y dieta). Participaron 246 estudiantes (130 hombres, 116 mujeres) de entre 13-15 años pertenecientes a 10 institutos. Los adolescentes llevaron las 24h durante una semana un acelerómetro para monitorizar su movimiento. Se obtuvo también el IMC y para el resto de variables se emplearon cuestionarios. Los resultados indicaron que la mayoría tenían un adecuado IMC, una dieta mediterránea óptima y un nivel socioeconómico medio. La eficiencia de sueño fue de un 92%. Una cuarta parte mostró signos de psicopatología. En comparación a la figura actual, la mayoría escogió una más delgada (52,1%), el 32,1% una similar, y el 15% una más robusta. La mayoría de participantes seleccionaron una figura distinta a la actual, especialmente entre las mujeres, aunque este hecho no varió según la dieta ni el estatus socioeconómico. La silueta percibida y la discrepancia entre silueta percibida e ideal se relacionaron positivamente con el IMC y negativamente con la eficiencia de sueño. La eficiencia de sueño predijo la silueta percibida y la discrepancia entre silueta percibida e ideal, mientras que el género predijo la figura ideal. Participantes con mayor discrepancia entre silueta percibida e ideal mostraron menor autoconcepto físico y menor bienestar psicológico. Como conclusión, la imagen corporal sigue teniendo alta prevalencia entre los adolescentes, impactando negativamente en su autoconcepto físico y su bienestar psicológico. El IMC es un factor estrechamente ligado a la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal. No se encontró una relación entre la insatisfacción corporal con respecto a la dieta y al nivel socioeconómico. La eficiencia de sueño parece ser un factor que predice la percepción con la propia imagen corporal y la (in)satisfacción con la misma.
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