Connections between body image and adolescents’ health, psychological and social variables

  1. Fernández Argüelles, Daniel 1
  2. Fernández Río, Javier 1
  3. Cecchini Estrada, José A. 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Oviedo
    info

    Universidad de Oviedo

    Oviedo, España

    ROR https://ror.org/006gksa02

Revista:
Journal of sport and health research

ISSN: 1989-6239

Año de publicación: 2022

Título del ejemplar: Septiembre-Diciembre

Volumen: 14

Número: 3

Tipo: Artículo

Otras publicaciones en: Journal of sport and health research

Resumen

El objetivo fue incrementar el conocimiento existente en relación a la imagen corporal en adolescentes y su conexión con variables relacionadas con la salud (Índice de Masa Corporal, hábitos de sueño), la psicología (bienestar, autoconcepto físico) y la sociología (nivel socioeconómico y dieta). Participaron 246 estudiantes (130 hombres, 116 mujeres) de entre 13-15 años pertenecientes a 10 institutos. Los adolescentes llevaron las 24h durante una semana un acelerómetro para monitorizar su movimiento. Se obtuvo también el IMC y para el resto de variables se emplearon cuestionarios.  Los resultados indicaron que la mayoría tenían un adecuado IMC, una dieta mediterránea óptima y un nivel socioeconómico medio. La eficiencia de sueño fue de un 92%. Una cuarta parte mostró signos de psicopatología. En comparación a la figura actual, la mayoría escogió una más delgada (52,1%), el 32,1% una similar, y el 15% una más robusta. La mayoría de participantes seleccionaron una figura distinta a la actual, especialmente entre las mujeres, aunque este hecho no varió según la dieta ni el estatus socioeconómico. La silueta percibida y la discrepancia entre silueta percibida e ideal se relacionaron positivamente con el IMC y negativamente con la eficiencia de sueño. La eficiencia de sueño predijo la silueta percibida y la discrepancia entre silueta percibida e ideal, mientras que el género predijo la figura ideal. Participantes con mayor discrepancia entre silueta percibida e ideal mostraron menor autoconcepto físico y menor bienestar psicológico. Como conclusión, la imagen corporal sigue teniendo alta prevalencia entre los adolescentes, impactando negativamente en su autoconcepto físico y su bienestar psicológico. El IMC es un factor estrechamente ligado a la insatisfacción con la imagen corporal. No se encontró una relación entre la insatisfacción corporal con respecto a la dieta y al nivel socioeconómico. La eficiencia de sueño parece ser un factor que predice la percepción con la propia imagen corporal y la (in)satisfacción con la misma.

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