A new Algorithm for Detecting Clinical High Risk of Psychosis in Adolescents

  1. Mercedes Paíno 1
  2. Ana María González-Menéndez 2
  3. Óscar Vallina-Fernández 3
  4. Mar Rus-Calafell 4
  1. 1 Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo
  2. 2 Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Spain.
  3. 3 Sierrallana Hospital, Cantabria Health Service, Torrelavega, Cantabria, Spain.
  4. 4 Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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Revista:
Psicothema

ISSN: 0214-9915,  1886-144X

Año de publicación: 2022

Volumen: 34

Número: 3

Páginas: 383-391

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.7334/PSICOTHEMA2022.10 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Psicothema

Resumen

Antecedentes: La delimitación del alto riesgo clínico de psicosis (CHRp, por sus siglas en inglés) se caracteriza por la gran variedad de síntomas evaluados desde diferentes enfoques y la dificultad que existe para detectar los estadios clínicos más alejados del inicio de la psicosis. Este estudio tiene como objetivo la creación de un procedimiento sistemático para una detección temprana eficaz y precisa del CHRp en entornos educativos. Método: A partir de una muestra representativa de 1.824 adolescentes (edad, media= 15,79 años; 53,8%, mujeres) se ha desarrollado un sistema de evaluación online y un algoritmo de tres vías y tres niveles de riesgo que combina los síntomas de los principales enfoques de riesgo: ultra-alto riesgo (UHR), síntomas básicos (SB) y anomalías en la autoexperiencia subjetiva (ASE), además del déficit funcional. Resultados: A la luz de los datos obtenidos se han confirmado la aceptabilidad y viabilidad del sistema de cribado online. Del total de participantes, 68 (3,7%) fueron identificados como de alto riesgo y 417 (22,9%) como de riesgo moderado, lo que también avala la funcionalidad del algoritmo propuesto. Conclusiones: El sistema apoya la existencia de un modelo dinámico de progresión de los diferentes síntomas en las primeras etapas de la psicosis, y puede constituir una primera línea de identificación de los trastornos mentales graves en los jóvenes en las etapas más tempranas, de cara a la aplicación de las medidas preventivas iniciales.

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