El holobionte/hologenoma como nivel de selecciónuna aproximación a la evolución de los consorcios de múltiples especies

  1. Javier Suárez 1
  1. 1 Jagiellonian University
    info

    Jagiellonian University

    Cracovia, Polonia

    ROR https://ror.org/03bqmcz70

Revista:
Theoria: an international journal for theory, history and foundations of science

ISSN: 0495-4548

Año de publicación: 2021

Volumen: 36

Número: 1

Páginas: 81-112

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.1387/THEORIA.21611 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: Theoria: an international journal for theory, history and foundations of science

Resumen

El debate de las unidades o niveles de selección concierne la pregunta acerca del tipo de sistemas biológicos que son lo suficientemente estables como para que parte de su evolución sea resultado del proceso de selección natural actuando a su nivel. Tradicionalmente, el debate ha concernido al menos dos preguntas diferentes, aunque relacionadas: la pregunta por el nivel en el cual se da la interacción con el ambiente (qué entidad actúa como interactor), y la pregunta por el nivel en que ocurre la reproducción (qué entidad actúa como replicador o reproductor). En los últimos años, biólogos y filósofos han discutido un nuevo aspecto de este debate, a saber: la posibilidad de que ciertos consorcios de múltiples especies formados por un hospedero y su microbioma (holobiontes/hologenomas) puedan actuar como una unidad de selección. Dicha tesis, no obstante, no ha estado exenta de crítica, ya que es dudoso que tales consorcios puedan reunir las condiciones requeridas para alcanzar el grado de estabilidad suficiente que permitiría que actuasen como unidades de selección. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo examinar sistemáticamente tales críticas y defender la tesis de que el holobionte/hologenoma puede actuar como un nivel de selección genuino tanto en la forma de interactor como en la forma de reproductor. Para ello, se argumentará que el microbioma debe caracterizarse en términos funcionales, en vez de en términos taxonómicos.

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Información de financiación

El autor agradece a Giorgio Airoldi, David Alvargonzález, Santiago Ginnobili y Guillermo Ponz por su lectura detallada del trabajo, y sus comentarios. Asimismo, gracias a Adrian Stencel, Mark Canciani, John Dupré y Lisa Lloyd por haber leído una primera versión tra-ducida del trabajo y haber dado comentarios extensos a ciertas partes del mismo. Se agra-dece también la labor de dos revisores anónimos de Theoria, así como de los editores. El tra-bajo ha sido financiado por el Narodowe Centrum Nauki, OPUS Grant No. 2019/35/B/ HS1/01998.

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