PLANEA Independent Life Skills ScaleDevelopment and Validation

  1. Laura García-Alba 1
  2. Álvaro Postigo 1
  3. Federica Gullo 1
  4. José Muñiz 2
  5. Jorge F. Del Valle 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Oviedo
    info

    Universidad de Oviedo

    Oviedo, España

    ROR https://ror.org/006gksa02

  2. 2 Universidad Nebrija
    info

    Universidad Nebrija

    Madrid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/03tzyrt94

Aldizkaria:
Psicothema

ISSN: 0214-9915 1886-144X

Argitalpen urtea: 2021

Alea: 33

Zenbakia: 2

Orrialdeak: 268-278

Mota: Artikulua

Beste argitalpen batzuk: Psicothema

Laburpena

Background: The aim of this study was to develop and validate the PLANEA Independent Life Skills Scale, an instrument created according to the Planea Program framework for training independent living skills in young people in residential care. Method: A sample of 1,098 young people took part, 60% were women and 37% were living in residential child care, with a mean age of 17.69 years (SD = 2.25). Psychometric analyses were carried out within the frameworks of Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory models. Results: The new instrument demonstrated three first-order factors (Self-Care and Wellbeing, Daily Arrangements and Organizational Skills, and Employment and Accommodation) and one second-order factor (Independent Life Skills), with excellent test score reliability, including a short version, PLANEA-9 (ω = .86 - .94). Clear evidence was found of validity in relation to other variables, such as general self-efficacy (r = .519), and discriminative capacity. Conclusions: The PLANEA Independent Life Skills Scale was shown to be a reliable valid instrument for assessing this construct in young people.

Finantzaketari buruzko informazioa

The first three authors hold a pre-doctoral scholarship from the Severo Ochoa Program for training in research and teaching in the Principality of Asturias, Spain (BP17-58, BP17-78, BP17-77).

Finantzatzaile

    • BP17-78

Erreferentzia bibliografikoak

  • Águila-Otero, A., González-García, C., Bravo, A., Lázaro-Visa, S., & del Valle, J. F. (2018). Children and young people with intellectual disability in residential childcare: Prevalence of mental health disorders and therapeutic interventions. International Journal of Social Welfare, 27(4), 337-347. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijsw.12351
  • Anderson, D. R. (2008). Model based inference in the life sciences: A primer on evidence. Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Baessler, J., & Schwarzer, R. (1996). Evaluación de la autoeficacia: adaptación española de la Escala de Autoeficacia general [Assessment of self-efficacy: Spanish adaptation of the General Self-Efficacy Scale]. Ansiedad y Estrés, 2(1), 1-8.
  • Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
  • Benbenishty, R., & Schiff, M. (2009). Perceptions of readiness to leave care among adolescents in foster care in Israel. Children and Youth Services Review, 31(6), 662-669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. childyouth.2009.01.001
  • Biehal, N., Clayden, J., Stein, M., & Wade, J. (1995). Moving On. Young people and Leaving Care Schemes. HMSO.
  • Blanca, M. J., Escobar, M., Lima, J. F., Byrne, D., & Alarcon, R. (2020). Psychometric properties of a short form of the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (ASQ-14). Psicothema, 32(2), 261-267. https://doi. org/10.7334/psicothema2019.288
  • Bravo, A., & Del Valle, J. F. (2009). Crisis y revisión del acogimiento residencial: su papel en la protección infantil [Crisis and review of residential care: Its role in child protection]. Papeles Del Psicólogo, 30(1), 42-52.
  • Bravo, A., & Santos-González, I. (2017). Menores extranjeros no acompañados en España: necesidades y modelos de intervención [Asylum-seeking children in Spain: Needs and intervention models]. Psychosocial Intervention, 26(1), 55-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. psi.2015.12.001
  • Bressani, R. V., & Downs, A. C. (2002). Youth independent living assessment: Testing the equivalence of web and paper/pencil versions of the Ansell-Casey Life Skills Assessment. Computers in Human Behavior, 18(4), 453-464. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-5632(01)00053-X
  • Cai, L., Thissen, D., & Du Toit, S. (2011). IRTPRO: flexible, multidimensional, multiple categorical IRT modeling. Scientific Software International.
  • Calderón-Garrido, C., Navarro-González, D., Lorenzo-Seva, U., & Ferrando-Piera, P. J. (2019). Multidimensional or essentially unidimensional? A multi-faceted factor-analytic approach for assessing the dimensionality of tests and items. Psicothema, 31(4), 450-457. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2019.153
  • Casey Family Programs. (2017). Casey Life Skills Practice Guide: Practitioners Guide. http://www.casey.org/media/CLS_project_ PracticeGuide.pdf
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Erlbaum.
  • Courtney, M. E., Pergamit, M., Mcdaniel, M., Mcdonald, E., Giesen, L., Okpych, N., & Zinn, A. (2017). Planning a next generation evaluation agenda for the John H . Chafee Foster Care Independence Program. (OPRE Report No. 2017-96). Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation, Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/opre/20180103_planning_a_ next_generation_fi nal508_newfi nal2_b508.pdf
  • Del Valle, J. F., & Bravo, A. (2013). Current trends, figures and challenges in out of home child care: An international comparative analysis. Psychosocial Intervention, 22(3), 251-257. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi. org/10.5093/in2013a28
  • Del Valle, J.F., & García-Alba, L. (in press). Manual del Programa Planea. Entrenamiento en habilidades para la vida independiente [Manual of Planea Program. Independent life skills training]. Consejería de Bienestar Social de la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla La Mancha.
  • Del Valle, J. F., & García-Quintanal, J. L. (2006). Programa Umbrella: mirando al futuro con habilidades para la vida [Umbrella Programme: looking to the future with skills for life]. ASACI.
  • Espada, J., Gonzalvez, M., Orgiles, M., Carballo, J., & Piqueras, J. (2012). Validation of the General Self-Efficacy Scale with Spanish adolescents. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 10(1), 355-370. https://doi.org/10.25115/ejrep.v10i26.1504
  • Ferrando, P. J., & Lorenzo-Seva, U. (2017). Program FACTOR at 10: Origins, development and future directions. Psicothema, 29(2), 236- 240. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.2311
  • Gignac, G. E. (2016). The higher-order model imposes a proportionality constraint: That is why the bifactor model tends to fit better. Intelligence, 55, 57-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2016.01.006
  • Gómez-Benito, J., Hidalgo, M. D., & Zumbo, B. D. (2013). Effectiveness of combining statistical tests and effect sizes when using logistic discriminant function regression to detect Differential Item Functioning for polytomous items. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 73(5), 875-897. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164413492419
  • González-García, C., Bravo, A., Arruabarrena, I., Martín, E., Santos, I., & Del Valle, J. F. (2017). Emotional and behavioral problems of children in residential care: Screening detection and referrals to mental health services. Children and Youth Services Review, 73, 100-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.12.011
  • Gypen, L., Vanderfaeillie, J., De Maeyer, S., Belenger, L., & Van Holen, F. (2017). Outcomes of children who grew up in foster care: Systematic review. Children and Youth Services Review, 76, 74-83. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.02.035
  • Häggman-Laitila, A., Salokekkilä, P., & Karki, S. (2019). Young people’s preparedness for adult life and coping after foster care: A systematic review of perceptions and experiences in the transition period. Child and Youth Care Forum, 48(5), 633-661. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10566-019-09499-4
  • Harder, A. T., Mann-Feder, V., Oterholm, I., & Refaeli, T. (2020). Supporting transitions to adulthood for youth leaving care: Consensus based principles. Children and Youth Services Review, 116, 105260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105260
  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55. https://doi. org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  • IBM Corp. (2016). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 24.0 [Computer software]. IBM Corp.
  • Jariot, M., Sala, J., & Arnau, L. (2015). Jóvenes tutelados y transición a la vida independiente: indicadores de éxito [Indicators of success of young people in care in their transition into independent life]. Revista Española de Orientación y Psicopedagogía, 26(2), 90-103. https://doi. org/10.5944/reop.vol.26.num.2.2015.15218
  • Jerusalem, M., & Mittag, W. (1995). Self-efficacy in stressful life transitions. In A. Bandura (Ed.), Self-efficacy in changing societies (pp. 177-201). Cambridge University Press.
  • Llosada-Gistau, J., Montserrat, C., & Casas, F. (2015). The subjective wellbeing of adolescents in residential care compared to that of the general population. Children and Youth Services Review, 52, 150-157. https:// doi.org/ 10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.11.007
  • López, M., Santos, I., Bravo, A., & Del Valle, J. F. (2013). El proceso de transición a la vida adulta de jóvenes acogidos en el sistema de protección infantil [The process of transition to adult life of young people fostered by the child welfare system]. Anales de Psicología, 29(1), 187-196. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.29.1.130542
  • Martín, E., González, P., Chirino, E., & Castro, J. J. (2019). Social inclusion and life satisfaction of care leavers. Pedagogía Social: Revista Interuniversitaria, 35, 101-111. https://doi.org/10.7179/ PSRI_2020.35.08
  • Mendes, P., Johnson, G., & Moslehuddin, B. (2011). Effectively preparing young people to transition from out-of-home care: An examination of three recent Australian studies. Family Matters, 89(61), 61-79.
  • Montserrat, C., Casas, F., & Malo, S. (2013). Delayed educational pathways and risk of social exclusion: The case of young people from public care in Spain. European Journal of Social Work, 16(1), 6-21. https://doi.org /10.1080/13691457.2012.722981
  • Muñiz, J., & Fonseca-Pedrero, E. (2019). Ten steps for test development. Psicothema, 31(1), 7-16. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2018.291
  • Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2017). Mplus User’s Guide, 8th Edn. Muthén & Muthén.
  • Naccarato, T., Delorenzo, E., & Park, A. (2008). A rapid instrument review (RIR) of independent living program (ILP) evaluation tools. Journal of Public Child Welfare, 2(2), 253-267. https://doi. org/10.1080/15548730802312818
  • Nollan, K. A., Wolf, M., Ansell, D., Burns, J., Barr, L., Copeland, W., & Paddock, G. (2000). Ready or not: Assessing youths’ preparedness for independent living. Child Welfare, 79(2), 159-176.
  • Observatorio de la Infancia (2020). Boletín de datos estadísticos de medidas de protección a la infancia [Bulletin of child protection figures]. Ministerio de Derechos Sociales y Agenda 2030. https://observatoriodelainfancia.vpsocial.gob.es/productos/pdf/ BOLETIN_22_fi nal.pdf
  • Postigo, Á., García-Cueto, E., Cuesta, M., Menéndez-Aller, Á., Prieto-Díez, F., & Lozano, L. M. (2020). Assessment of the enterprising personality: A short form of the BEPE battery. Psicothema, 32(4), 575-582. https:// doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2020.193
  • Romero, T. B., Melendro, M., & Charry, C. (2020). Transition to Adulthood Autonomy Scale for Young People: Design and Validation. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00457
  • Sanjuán, P., Pérez, A. M., & Bermúdez, J. (2000). Escala de autoeficacia general: datos psicométricos de la adaptación para población española [General self-efficacy scale: Psychometric data of the Spanish adaptation]. Psicothema, 12, 509-513.
  • Stein, M. (2004). What works for young people leaving care? Barnardo’s. Stein, M. (2008). Transitions from care to adulthood. Messages from research for policy and practice. In M. Stein & E. R. Munro (Eds.),Young people’s transitions from care to adulthood (pp. 289-306). Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
  • Stein, M., & Wade, J. (2000). Helping care leavers: Problems and strategic responses. Department of Health.
  • Timmerman, M. E., & Lorenzo-Seva, U. (2011). Dimensionality assessment of ordered polytomous items with Parallel Analysis. Psychological Methods, 16(2), 209-220. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023353