El protocolo “network” aplicado al estudio de los destinos turísticosel caso de Gijón (España)

  1. Francisco Javier de la Ballina Ballina
Journal:
Estudios geográficos

ISSN: 0014-1496

Year of publication: 2020

Volume: 81

Issue: 288

Type: Article

DOI: 10.3989/ESTGEOGR.202056.056 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openOpen access editor

More publications in: Estudios geográficos

Sustainable development goals

Abstract

The definition of the concept of destination is a very complicated matter, given the need for consensus between different types of academics and professionals. However, it is essential to establish an adequate framework of knowledge for planning and managing tourism. Most of the new proposals revolve around the Network perspective, with intra and interrelationships between agents, attractions and tourist services, and even destinations. The “second generation” experience factor, supported by the phenomenon of co-creation, is currently considered the leitmotif for tourists. According to this concept, it is the tourists who, with the choices of resources and services, and with their movements in the territories, really define a destination as such, and in its different facets. This work uses the well-known SmartMax game to offer an empirical protocol of knowledge, quantitative and qualitative, of a tourist destination. Relying on data on the mobility of tourists, and using multivariable analysis techniques, it is possible to identify the different profiles of geographic space as a tourist destination, as well as the relative weight of each one: single destination, headquarters, a destination of circuit and hiking destination. In this way, a useful methodology is built for the empirical knowledge of tourist destinations, in general, and even for its application in other areas of geographic marketing, in particular.

Bibliographic References

  • Alberca, F.A. (2016). Una mirada al destino turístico y sus aspectos materiales e inmateriales. Cultura (30), 65-85.
  • Baggio, R., y Sainaghi, R. (2014). Analyzing tourist flows by mapping time series into networks. Tou­rists as Consumers, Visitors, Travellers, 1-4.
  • Belghiti, S., Ochs, A., Lemoine, J. F., y Badot, O. (2017). The Phygital Shopping Experience: An Attempt at Conceptualization and Empirical Investigation. En Academy of Marketing Science World Marke­ting Congress (61-74). Nueva York, USA: Ed. Springer.
  • Beritelli, P. y Bieger, T. (2014). From destination go­vernance to destination leadership – defining and exploring the significance with the help of a sys­temic perspective. Tourism Review, 69 (1), 25-46.
  • Bonetti, E., Petrillo, C. S., y Simoni, M. (2006). Tourism system dynamics: A multi-level destination ap­proach. En Tourism local systems and networking (111-131). Stirling, UK: Elsevier.
  • Boullón, R. C. (2004). Planificación del Espacio Turís­tico. Barcelona, España: Ed. Trillas.
  • Buhalis, D. (2003). eTourism: Information technology for strategic tourism management. Londres, UK: Pearson Education.
  • Buonincontri, P.; Morvillo, A.; Okumus, F. y Niekerk, M. van (2017). Managing the experience co-crea­tion process in tourism destinations: Empirical findings from Naples. Tourism Management (62), 264-277.
  • Casanueva, C., Gallego, A. y García-Sánchez, M.R. (2014). Social Network Analysis in Tourism. Cu­rrent Issues in Tourism, 19 (12), 469-484.
  • Chathoth, P.K., Ungson, G.R.; Harrington, R.J. y Chan, E.S.W. (2016). Co-creation and higher order cus­tomer engagement in hospitality and tourism services: A critical review. International Journal of Comtemporary Hospital Management, 28(2), 222-245.
  • Cooper, C., Fletcher, J., Wanhill, S., Gilbert, D. y She­pherd, R. (2005). Tourism: Principles and Practice. Londres, UK: Pearson Education.
  • D`Agata, R., Gozzo, S. y Tomaselli, V. (2013). Network analysis approach to map tourism mobility. Qual Quant (47), 2167-3184.
  • Denicolai, S., Cioccarelli, G., y Zucchella, A. (2010). Resource-based local development and networ­ked core-competencies for tourism excellen­ce. Tourism Management, 31 (2), 260-266.
  • Framke, W. (2002). The Destination as a Concept: A Discussion of the Business-related Perspective versus the Socio-cultural Approach in Tourism Theory. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 2 (2), 92-108.
  • Füller, J. (2010). Refining virtual co-creation from a consumer perspective. California Management Review, 52 (2), 98-122.
  • García, M.A. (2018). La co-creación a través de los social-media: Efecto en la imagen de Cuenca como destino turístico. Tesis Doctoral, Universi­dad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete.
  • González, L. (28, 05, 2017). Cinco características que diferencian al turista 3.0. Recuperado en: http:// www.cognodata.com/notas_de_prensa
  • Gretzel, U., Werthner, H., Koo, C., y Lamsfus, C. (2015). Conceptual foundations for understanding smart tourism ecosystems. Computers in Human Beha­vior (50), 558-563.
  • Gretzel, U., Zhong, L., y Koo, C. (2016). Application of smart tourism to cities. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 1(3), 216–233.
  • Grönroos, C. (2008). Service logic revisited: who crea­tes value? And who co-creates? European Busi­ness Review, 20 (4), 298-314.
  • Ind, N., Iglesias, O., y Schultz, M. (2013). Building brands together: Emergence and outcomes of co-creation. California Management Review, 55 (3), 5-26.
  • Kambil, A., Friesen, G., y Sundaram, A. (1999). Co-creation: A new source of value. Outlook Maga­zine, 3 (2), 23-29.
  • Francisco Javier de la Ballina BallinaDestinos turísticos; Co-creación; Flujos turísticos; Estadísticas turísticas; Mapas turísticos; Productos turísticosKeum, K. (2010). Tourism flows and trade theory: A panel data analysis with the gravitiy model. The Annals of Regional Science (44), 541-557.
  • Kladou, S., y Kehagias, J. (2014). Assessing destination brand equity: An integrated approach. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 3 (1), 2-10.
  • Kotler, P., Kartajaya, H., y Setiawan, I. (Eds.). (2017). Marketing 4.0: Moving from Traditional to Digi­tal. Hoboken, USA: John Wiley y Sons, Inc.
  • Li, Y.; Hu C.; Huang, C. y Duan, L. (2017), The concept of smart tourism in the context of tourism infor­mation services, Tourism Management (58), 293-300.
  • Liu, W., Guillet, B. D., Xiao, Q. y Law, R. (2014). Glo­balization or localization of consumer preferen­ces: The case of hotel room booking. Tourism Management (41), 148-157.
  • Lohmann, G. y Pearce, D.G. (2010). Conceptualizing and operationalizing nodal tourism functions. Journal of Transport Geography (18), 266-275.
  • Manente, M. y Cerato, M. (2000). Understanding the Destination as a system. En From Destination to Destination Marketing and Management. Desig­ning and Repositioning Tourism Products (131- 146). Venecia, Italia: CISET.
  • Marrocu, E. y Paci, R. (2013). Different tourists to di­fferent destinations. Evidence from spatial inte­raction models. Tourism Management (30), 71-83.
  • Martínez, B. y Rojo, R. (2013). Destinos turísticos. Guía, información y asistencias turísticas. Agen­cias de viajes y gestión de eventos. Madrid, Es­paña: Paraninfo.
  • Martini, A., Massa, S., y Testa, S. (2014). Customer co-creation projects and social media: The case of Barilla of Italy. Business Horizons, 57 (3), 425-434.
  • Merilainen, K., y Lemmetyinen, A. (2011). Destination network management: a conceptual analysis. Tourism Review, 66 (3) 25-3.
  • Merinero, R., y Pulido, J. (2009). Desarrollo turístico y dinámica relacional. Madrid, España: Ed. Metodología.
  • Moragues, D. (2006): Turismo, Cultura y Desarrollo. Madrid, España: Ed. OEI.
  • Morley C., Rosselló, J. y Santana, M. (2014). Gravity models fortourism demand: Theory and use. An­nals of Tourism Research (48), 1-10.
  • Navarro, D. (2015). Recursos turísticos y atractivos turísticos: Conceptualización y valoración. Cua­dernos de Turismo (35), 335-357.
  • OMT (Ed.) (2008). Entender el Turismo: Glosario Bá­sico. Madrid, España.
  • Pearce, D.G. (2012). Frameworks for Tourism Re­search. Wallingford, UK: CABI.
  • Pearce, D.G. (2014). Toward an Integrative Conceptual Framework of Destinations. Journal of Travel Re­search (53), 141-153.
  • Rabari, C. y Storper, M. (2015). The digital skin of cities: Urban theory and research in the age of the sensored and metered city, ubiquitous com­puting and big data. Cambridge Journal of Re­gions, Economy and Society, 8 (1), 27-42.
  • Richards, G. (2011). Creativity and tourism: The state of the art. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(4), 1225-1253.
  • Ritzer, G., Dean, P., y Jurgenson, N. (2012). The coming of age of the prosumer. American Behavioral Scientist, 56(4), 379-398.
  • Sang-Hyun, L., Jin- Yong, C., Seung-Hwan, Y. e Yun- Gyeong, O. (2013). Evaluating spatial centrality for integrated tourism management in rural areas using GIS and network analysis. Tourism Mana­gement (34), 14-24.
  • Saraniemi, S. y Kylanen, M. (2011). Problematizing the concept of Tourism Destination. Journal of Travel Research, 50 (2), 133-143.
  • Sorensen, F., y Jensen, J. (2015). Value creation and knowledge development in tourism experience encounters. Tourism Management (46), 336-346.
  • Vargo, S., y Lusch, R. (2008). Service-dominant logic: continuing the evolution. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 36 (1), 1-10.
  • Vera, F. y Baños, C. (1997). Renovación y reestructu­ración de los destinos turísticos consolidados del litoral: Las prácticas recreativas en la evolución del espacio turístico. Boletín de la Asociación de Geógrafos Españoles (53), 329-353.
  • Vera, J.F., López, F., Marchena, M.J. y Antón, S. (2011). Análisis Territorial del Turismo y Planificación de Destinos Turísticos. Valencia, España: Ed. Tirant Humanidades.
  • Violier, P. (2009). Proposition pour un modèle d’analyse dynamique des lieux touristiques. Des­tinations et Territoires (1), 26-37.
  • Yang, W.K.F. (2012). A spatial Econometric Approach to Model Spillover Effects in Tourism Flows. Jour­nal of Travel Research (51), 768-778.
Data source: Dialnet