Predictores de ser víctima de acoso escolar en Educación Primariauna revisión sistemática

  1. Zara Suárez-García 1
  2. David Álvarez-García 1
  3. Celestino Rodríguez 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Oviedo
    info

    Universidad de Oviedo

    Oviedo, España

    ROR https://ror.org/006gksa02

Revista:
Revista de Psicología y Educación

ISSN: 1699-9517

Año de publicación: 2020

Volumen: 15

Número: 1

Páginas: 1-15

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.23923/RPYE2020.01.182 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Revista de Psicología y Educación

Resumen

El acoso escolar conlleva importantes consecuencias negativas para las víctimas. Por ello, es fundamental desarrollar medidas para su prevención o, en su caso, detección temprana. Para ello es imprescindible identificar sus principales factores de riesgo o protección, a partir de la evidencia científica disponible. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar los principales predictores de ser víctima de acoso escolar en Educación Primaria, a partir de una revisión sistemática de los artículos empíricos más relevantes publicados en la última década. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de publicaciones PsycInfo, Eric, Web of Science y EbscoHost. Como resultado, se obtuvieron 49 artículos que cumplieron los criterios de búsqueda. Estos artículos destacan la capacidad predictiva de diversas variables individuales, escolares, familiares y comunitarias. Se discuten las implicaciones prácticas de estos resultados.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Alcántara, S. C., González-Carrasco, M., Montserrat, C., Viñas, F., Casas, F., & Abreu, D. P. (2017). Peer violence in the School Environment and Its Relationship with Subjective Well-Being and Perceived Social Support Among Children and Adolescents in Northeastern Brazil. Journal of Happiness Studies, 18(5), 1507-1532. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10902-016-9786-1.
  • Álvarez-García, D., García, T., & Núñez, J. C. (2015). Predictors of school bullying perpetration in adolescence: A systematic review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 23, 126–136. http://doi.org/10.1016/j. avb.2015.05.007
  • Ameli, V., Meinck, F., Munthali, A., Ushie, B., & Langhaug, L. (2017). Associations between adolescent experiences of violence in Malawi and gender-based attitudes internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Child Abuse & Neglect, 67, 305–14. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.02.027.
  • Andrews, N. C. Z., Hanish, L. D., Updegraff, K. A., Martin, C. L., & Santos, C. E. (2016). Targeted victimization: Exploring linear and curvilinear associations between social network prestige and victimization. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45, 1772–1785. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016- 0450-1.
  • Atik, G., & Güneri, O. Y. (2013). Bullying and victimization: Predictive role of individual, parental, and academic factors. School Psychology International, 34(6), 658–673. http://doi. org/10.1177/0143034313479699.
  • Berger-Silva, C. (2012). Trajectories of school victimization: Characteristics and risk factors in chilean teenagers. Universitas Psychologica, 11(1), 103-118.
  • Bowes, L., Arseneault, L., Maughan, B., Taylor, A., Caspi, A., & Moffitt, T. E. (2009). School, neighborhood, and family factors are associated with children’s bullyinginvolvement: A nationally representative longitudinal study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 48(5), 545–553. http://doi. org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e31819cb017.
  • Bowes, L., Maughan, B., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., & Arseneault, L. (2010). Families promote emotionaland behavioural resilience to bullying: Evidence of an environmental effect. Journal of Child Psychol-ogy and Psychiatry, 51(7), 809–817.
  • Bowes, L., Maughan, B., Ball., H, Shakoor, S., Ouellet-Morin, I., Caspi, A., Moffit, T. E., & Arseneault, T. (2013). Chronic bullying victimization across school transitions: the role of genetic and environmental influences. Development Psychopathology, 25(2), 333–46. https://doi.org/10.1017/ S0954579412001095.
  • Bradshaw, C. P., Sawyer, L. A., & O’Brennan, L. M. (2009). A social disorganization perspective on bullying-related attitudes and behaviors: The influence of school context. American Journal of Community Psychology, 43(3-4), 204–220. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10464-009-9240-1.
  • Brendgen, M., Girard, A., Vitaro, F., Dionne, G., & Boivin, M. (2016). Personal and familial predictors of peer victimization trajectories from primary to secondary school. Developmental Psychology, 52(7), 1103–1114. https://doi.org/10.1037/ dev0000107.
  • Brunstein, A., Sourander, A., & Gould M. (2010). The association of suicide and bullying in childhood to young adulthood: a review of cross-sectional and longitudinal research findings. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 55(5), 282-288.
  • Burns S. K., Cross D., Alfonso H., & Maycock B. R. (2008). Predictors of bullying among 10 to 11 year old school students in Australia. Advances in School Mental Health Promotion, 1(2), 49–60. https://doi. org/10.1080/1754730X.2008.9715728.
  • Cava, M. J., Buelga, S., Musitu, G., & Murgui, S. (2010). Violencia escolar entre adolescentes y sus implicaciones en el ajuste psicosocial: un estudio longitudinal. Revista de Psicodidáctica, 15, 21-34.
  • Cerezo, F., Ruiz-Esteban, C., Sanchez-Lacasa C., & Gonzalo, J. J. A. (2018). Dimensions of parenting styles, social climate, and bullying victims in primary and secondary education. Psicothema, 30(1), 59-65. https://doi. org/10.7334/psicothema2016.360.
  • Cillessen, A. H., & Lansu, T. A. (2015). Stability, correlates, and time-covarying associations of peer victimization from grade 4 to 12. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 44(3), 456-470. https://doi.org /10.1080/15374416.2014.958841.
  • Cook, C. R., Williams, K. R., Guerra, N. G., Kim, T. E., & Sadek, S. (2010). Predictors of bullying and victimization in childhood and adolescence: A meta-analytic investigation. School Psychology Quarterly, 25(2), 65–83.
  • Craig, W., Harel-Fisch, Y., Fogel-Grinvald, H., Dostaler, S., Hetland, J., SimonsMorton, B., Molcho, M., Gaspar de Mato, M., Overpeck, M., Due, P., & Pickett, W. (2009). A cross-national profile of bullying and victimization among adolescents in 40 countries. International Journal of Public Health, 54, 209–215.
  • Echols, L., & Graham, S. (2016). For Better or Worse: Friendship Choices and Peer Victimization Among Ethnically Diverse Youth in the First Year of Middle School. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 45(9), 1862- 76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016- 0516-0.
  • Eden, S., Heiman, T., & Olenik-Shemesh, D. (2016). Bully versus victim on the internet: The correlation with emotional-social characteristics. Education and Information Technologies, 21(3), 699-713. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10639-014-9348-2.
  • Espelage, D. L. (2014). Ecological Theory: Preventing Youth Bullying, Aggression, and Victimization. Theory into Practice, 53(4), 257-64.
  • Estévez, E., Murgui, S., & Musitu, G. (2009). Psychological adjusment in bullies and victims of school violence. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 4, 473–483.
  • Foster, H., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2013). Neighborhood, Family and Individual Influences on School Physical Victimization. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42(10), 1596-1610. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10964-012-9890-4.
  • Gage, N. A., Prykanowski, D. A., & Larson, A. (2014). School Climate and Bullying Victimization: A Latent Class Growth Model Analysis. School Psychology Quarterly, 29(3), 256-71. https://doi.org/10.1037/ spq0000064.
  • Garaigordobil, M., & Machimbarrena, J. M. (2017). Stress, competence, and parental educational styles in victims and aggressors of bullying and cyberbullying. Psicothema, 29(3), 335-340. https://doi.org/10.7334/ psicothema2016.258.
  • Garcia-Bacete, F. J, Sureda, I., & Monjas, M. I. (2010). El rechazo entre iguales en la educación primaria: una panorámica general. Anales de psicología, 26(1), 123- 136.
  • García, C. M., Romera, E. M., & Ortega, R. (2015). Explicative factors of face-toface harassment and cyberbullying in a sample of primary students. Psicothema, 27, 347-353. https://doi.org/10.7334/ psicothema2015.35.
  • Glew, G. M., Fan, M. Y., Katon, W., & Rivara, F. P. (2008). Bullying and school safety. Journal of Pediatrics, 152(1), 123-128. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.05.045.
  • Goldbach, J. T., Sterzing, P. R., & Stuart M. J. (2017). Challenging Conventions of Bullying Thresholds: Exploring Differences between Low and High Levels of Bully-Only, Victim-Only, and Bully-Victim Roles. Journal of youth and adolescence, 47(3), 586-600. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017- 0775-4.
  • Graham, S., Bellmore, A. D., & Mize, J. (2006). Peer victimization, aggression, and their coocurrence in middle school: pathways to adjustment problems. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 34(3), 363–378.
  • Griese, E. R.., & Buhs, E. S. (2014). Prosocial Behavior as a Protective Factor for Children’s Peer Victimization. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43(7), 1052-1065. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10964-013-0046-y.
  • Guerra, N., Williams, K. R., & Sadek, S. (2011). Understanding bullying and victimization during childhood and adolescence: A mixed methods study. Child Development, 82(1), 295-310. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467- 8624.2010.01556.x.
  • Haltigan, J. D., & Vaillancourt, T. (2014). Joint Trajectories of Bullying and Peer Victimization Across Elementary and Middle School and Associations With Symptoms of Psychopathology. Developmental Psychology, 50(11), 2426-2436. https:// doi.org/10.1037/a0038030.
  • Han, Z., Zhang, G., & Zhang, H. (2017). School bullying in urban China: Prevalence and correlation with school climate. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(10), 1116. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14101116.
  • Hymel, S., & Swearer, S. M. (2015). Four Decades of Research on School Bullying. American Psychologist, 70(4), 293-299. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038928
  • Ikiza, F. E., & Cakar, F. S. (2010). Perceived social support and self-esteem in adolescence. Procedia Social BehavioralSciences, 5, 2338–2342.
  • Jankauskiene, R., Kardelis, K., Sukys, S., & Kardeliene, L. (2008). Associations between school bullying and psychosocial factors. Social Behavior & Personality, 36(2), 145– 162.
  • Jansen, D. E., Veenstra, R., Ormel, J., Verhulst, F.C., & Reijneveld, S. A. (2011). Early risk factors for being a bully, victim, or bully/ victim in late elementary and early secondary education. The longitudinal TRAILS study. BMC Public Health, 11-440. https://doi. org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-440.
  • Jansen, P. W., Verlinden, M., Dommisse-van Berkel, A., Mieloo, C., van der Ende, J., Veenstra, R., Verhulst, F. C., Jansen, W., & Tiemeier, H. (2012). Prevalence of bullying and victimization among children in early elementary school: Do family and school neighbourhood socioeconomic status matter? BMC Public Health, 12. https://doi. org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-494
  • Kärnä, A., Voeten, M., Poskiparta, E., & Salmivalli, C. (2010). Vulnerable children in varying classroom contexts: Bystanders’ behaviors moderate the effects of risk factors on victimization. Merrill-Palmer QuarterlyJournal of Developmental Psychology, 56(3), 261–282.
  • Kerr, J. C., Valois, R. F., Huebner, E. S., & Drane, J. W. (2011). Life satisfaction and peer victimization among USA public high schools adolescents. Child Indicators Research, 4, 127–144.
  • Kljakovic, M., & Hunt, C. (2016). A metaanalysis of predictors of bullying and victimisation in adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 49, 134-45.
  • Kollerova, L., & Smolik, F. (2016). Victimization and its associations with peer rejection and fear of victimization: Moderating effects of individual-level and classroom-level characteristics. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 86(4), 640-56. https://doi. org/10.1111/bjep.12129.
  • Lawson, M. A., Alameda-Lawson, T., Downer, J., & Anderson, E. (2013). Analyzing subpopulation profiles and risk factors for school bullying. Children and Youth Services Review, 35(6), 973–983. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2013.03.006
  • Leadbeater, B., Sukhawathanakul, P., Smith, D., & Bowen, F. (2015). Reciprocal associations between interpersonal and values dimensions of school climate and peer victimization in elementary school children. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 44(3), 480-493. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 15374416.2013.873985.
  • Lee S., Oh, I., & Lee, J. (2014). Psychosocial Characteristics of Bullies, Victims, BullyVictims among Elementary School Students. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 21(5), 391- 416.
  • Lereya, S. T., & Wolke, D. (2013). Prenatal family adversity and maternal mental health and vulnerability to peer victimisation at school. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 54(6), 644– 652. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12012.
  • Liu, X., Xin-hua, Y., Li-hua, Z., Li-jun, W., & Lin-yan, S. (2012). Relationship between attachment to parents and bullying, victimization of 4-6th graders. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 20(2), 246- 48.
  • López, R., Amaral, A. F., Ferreira, J., & Barroso, T. (2011). Factors related to the bullying phenomenon in school context: Integrative literature review. Revista de Enfermagem Referência, 3(5), 153–162.
  • Lumeng, J. C., Forrest, P., Appugliese, D. P., Kaciroti, N., Corwyn, R. F., & Bradley, R. H. (2010). Weight status as a predictor of being bullied in third through sixth grades. Pediatrics, 125(6), 301-307. https://doi. org/10.1542/peds.2009-0774.
  • Moses, M., & Williford, A. (2017). Individual indicators of self-reported victimization among elementary school-age students: A latent class analysis. Children and Youth Services Review, 83, 33-40. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.10.006.
  • Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
  • Pastor, Y., Quiles, Y., & Pamies, L. (2012). Apoyo social en la adolescencia: adaptación y propiedades psicométricas del 'Social Support Scale for Children' de Harter (1985). Revista de Psicología Social, 27(1), 39-53.
  • Pouwelse, M., Bolman, C., Lodewijkx, H., & Spaa, M. (2011). Gender differences and social support: Mediators or moderators between peer victimisation and depressive feelings? Psychology in the Schools, 48(8), 800-814. https://doi.org/10.1002/ pits.20589.
  • Rettew, D. C., & Pawlowski S. (2016). Bullying. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 25(2), 235-242.
  • Saarento, S., Kärnä, A., Hodges, E. V. E., & Salmivalli, C. (2013). Student-, classroom-, and school-level risk factors for victimization. Journal of School Psychology, 51, 421–434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jsp.2013.02.002.
  • Saarento, S., Garandeau, C. F., & Salmivalli, C. (2014). Classroomand school-level contributions to bullying and victimization: A review. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 25(3), 204-218. https:// doi.org/10.1002/casp.2207.
  • Sainio, M., Veenstra, R., Huitsing, G., & Salmivalli, C. (2012). Sameand othersex victimization: Are risk factors similar? Aggressive Behavior, 38(6), 442–455. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21445.
  • Schacter, H. L., White, S. J., Chang, V. Y., & Juvonen, J. (2015). “Why me?”: Characterological selfblame and continued victimization in the first year of middle school. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 44(3), 446–455. https://doi.or g/10.1080/15374416.2013.865194.
  • Seo, H., Young-Eun, J., Moon-Doo, K., & Won-Myong, B. (2017). Factors associated with bullying victimization among Korean adolescents. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 13, 2429-35. https://doi. org/10.2147/NDT.S140535.
  • Serdiouk, M., Rodkin, P., Madill, R., Logis, H., & Gest, S. (2015). Rejection and victimization among elementary school children: The buffering role of classroom-level predictors. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 43(1), 5-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802- 013-9826-9.
  • Smith, P. K., Madsen, K. C., & Moody, J. C. (1999). What causes the age decline in reports of being bullied at school? Towards a developmental analysis of risks of being bullied. Educational Research, 41, 267– 285.
  • Sugimura, N., Troop-Gordon, W., Berry, D., & Rudolph, K. D. (2017). Early Social Behaviors and the Trajectory of Peer Victimization Across the School Years. Developmental Psycholog, 53(8), 1447-1461. https://doi. org/10.1037/dev0000346.
  • Veldkamp, S. A., Van Bergen, E., De Zeeuw, E. L., Van Beijsterveldt, C. E., Boomsma, D. I., & Bartels, M. (2017). Bullying and victimization: The effect of close companionship. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 20(1), 19– 27. https://doi.org/10.1017/thg.2016.99.
  • Verlinden, M., Veenstra, R., Ghassabian, A., Jansen, P. W., Hofman, A., Jaddoe, V. W. V., Verhulst, C. F., & Tiemeier, H. (2014). Executive functioning and non-verbal intelligence as predictors of bullying in early elementary school. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 42(6), 953–966. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10802-013-9832-y.
  • Von Marées, N., & Petermann, F. (2010). Bullying in German primary schools: Gender differences, age trends and influence of parents’ migration and educational backgrounds. School Psychology International, 31(2), 178–198. https://doi. org/10.1177/0143034309352416.
  • Wandera, S. O., Clarke, K., Knight, L., Allen, E., Walakira, E., Namy, S., Naker, D., & Devries, K. (2017). Violence against children perpetrated by peers: A crosssectional school-based survey in Uganda. Child Abuse & Neglect, 68, 65-73. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.04.006.
  • Wang, W., Vaillancourt, T., Brittain, H. L., McDougall, P., Krygsman, A., Smith, D., & Hymel, S. (2014). School climate, peer victimization, and academic achievement: Results from a multiinformant study. School Psychology Quarterly, 29(3), 360–377. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000084.
  • Watt, E., Fitzpatrick, L., Derevensky, C. J., & Pagani, L. S. (2015). Too Much Television? Prospective Associations Between Early Childhood Televiewing and Later Self-reports of Victimization by Sixth Grade Classmates. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 36(6), 426-433. https://doi. org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000186.
  • Williford, A., Boulton, A. J., & Jenson, J. M. (2014). Transitions between subclasses of bullying and victimization when entering middle school. Aggressive Behavior, 40(1), 24-41. https://doi.org/10.1002/ ab.21503.
  • Wolke, D., Woods, S., & Samara, M. (2009). Who escapes or remains a victim of bullying in primary school? British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 27(4), 835–851. https://doi. org/10.1348/026151008X383003.
  • Yang, S., Stewart, R., Kim, J., Kim, S., Shin, I., Dewey, M. E., Maskey, S., & Yoon, J. S. (2013). Differences in predictorsof traditional and cyber-bullying: A 2-year longitudinal study in Korean school children. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 22, 309–318. http:// doi.org/10.1007/s00787-012-0374-6.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet