Differences between individualist and collectivist cultures in emotional Facebook usagerelationship with empathy, self-esteem, and narcissism

  1. José Manuel Errasti 1
  2. Isaac Amigo Vázquez 1
  3. Manuel Villadangos 1
  4. Joaquín Morís 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Oviedo
    info

    Universidad de Oviedo

    Oviedo, España

    ROR https://ror.org/006gksa02

Revista:
Psicothema

ISSN: 0214-9915

Año de publicación: 2018

Volumen: 30

Número: 4

Páginas: 376-381

Tipo: Artículo

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Psicothema

Resumen

Background: Adolescents are one of the groups who most use social networks in an emotional way, to express their own emotions and to empathize with the emotions of others. Although personality factors; namely, empathy, self-esteem, and narcissism appear to play an important role in this usage, the contribution of cultural variables has yet to be examined. The aim of this study is to examine cross-cultural variations in Facebook usage and the relationship of those variations with empathy, self-esteem and narcissistic personality factors. Method: Using a sample of 479 Spanish adolescents (220 females) and 405 Thai adolescents (224 females), the Use of Facebook Questionnaire was applied, and empathy, self-esteem and narcissism personality traits were measured. Results: Findings suggested variations between Thai and Spanish samples at the intra- and inter-cultural level. The Thai sample had higher scores in Affective Empathy but lower scores in Cognitive Empathy, used Facebook more, and engaged in more emotional and empathic expression when using Facebook. Also, results also show interesting differences related with the interaction between gender and country. Conclusions: We discuss the results in relation to Hofstede’s criteria about the differences between Eastern and Western societies. We highlight the need for longitudinal studies about this topic.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Blachnio, A., Przepiorka, A., & Rudnicka, P. (2016). Narcissism and selfesteem as predictors of dimensions of Facebook use. Personality and Individual Differences, 90, 296-301. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.11.018
  • Bleidorn, W., Arslan, R., Denissen, J., Rentfrow, P., Gebauer, J., Potter, J., & Gosling, S. (2015). Age and gender differences in self-esteem: A cross-cultural window. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 111(3), 396-410. doi: 10.1037/pspp0000078
  • Brailovskaia, J., & Bierhoff, H. (2016). Cross-cultural narcissism on Facebook: Relationship between selfpresentation, social interaction and the open and covert narcissism on a social networking site in Germany and Russia. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 251-257. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.09.018
  • Byrne, B. M., & van de Vijver, F. J. R. (2017). The maximum likelihood alignment approach to testing for approximate measurement invariance: A paradigmatic cross-cultural application. Psicothema, 29, 539-551. doi: 10.7334/psicothema2017.178
  • Carpenter, C. (2012). Narcissism on Facebook: Self-promotional and antisocial behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 482-486. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.011
  • Carrier, L., Spradlin, A., Brunce, J., & Rosen, L. (2015). Virtual empathy: Positive and negative impacts of going online upon empathy in young adults. Computers in Human Behavior, 52, 39-48. doi: 10.1016/j. chb.2015.05.026
  • Cassels, T., Chan, S., Chung, W., & Birch, S. (2010). The role of culture in affective empathy: Cultural and bicultural differences. Journal of Cognition and Culture, 10, 309-326. doi: 10.1163/156853710X531203
  • Cho, S., & Park, H. (2013). A qualitative analysis of cross-cultural new media research: SNS use in Asia and the West. Qual Quant, 47(4), 2319-2330. doi: 10.1007/s11135-011-9658-z
  • Errasti, J., Amigo, I., & Villadangos, M. (2017). Emotional uses of Facebook and Twitter: Its relation with empathy, narcissism and selfesteem in adolescence. Psychological Reports, 120(6), 997-1018. doi: 10.1177/0033294117713496
  • Gómez-Benito, J., Balluerka, N., González, A., Widaman, K. F., & Padilla, J. L. (2017). Detecting differential item functioning in behavioral indicators across parallel forms. Psicothema, 29, 91-95. doi: 10.7334/ psicothema2015.112
  • Grijalva, E., Newman, D., Tay, L., Donnellan, M., Harms, P., Robins, R., & Yan, T. (2015). Gender differences in narcissism: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 141(2), 261-310. doi: 10.1037/a0038231
  • Helms, J. (2015). An examination of the evidence in culturally adapted evidence-based or empirically supported interventions. Transcultural Psychiatry, 52(2), 174-197. doi: 10.1177/1363461514563642
  • Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverley Hills, CA: Sage.
  • Joinson, A. (2008). ‘Looking at’, ‘Looking up’ or ‘Keeping up with’ people? Motives and uses of Facebook. Proceedings of the 26th Annual SIGCHI
  • Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI’08 (pp. 1027-1036). New York: ACM. doi: 10.1145/1357054.1357213
  • Jolliffe, D., & Farrington, D. (2006). Development and validation of the Basic Empathy Scale. Journal of Adolescence, 29(4), 589-611. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.08.010
  • Kang, S., Shaver, P., Sue, S., Min, K., & Jing, H. (2003). Culture-specific patterns in the prediction of life satisfaction: Roles of emotion, relationship quality, and self-esteem. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(12), 1596-1608. doi: 10.1177/0146167203255986
  • Konrath, S. (2013). The empathy paradox. En R. Luppicini (Ed.), Handbook of research on technoself (pp. 204-228). Hershey, PA: IGI Global. doi: 10.4018/978-1-4666-2211-1.ch012
  • Martín-Albo, J., Núñez, J., Navarro, J., & Grijalvo, F. (2007). The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: Translation and validation in university students. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 10(2), 458-467. doi: 10.1017/S1138741600006727
  • Muñiz, J., Elosúa, P., & Hambleton, R. (2013). International Test Commission Guidelines for test translation and adapting tests. Psicothema, 25(2), 151-157. doi: 10.7334/psicothema2013.24
  • Nisbett, R., Peng, K., Choi, I., & Norenzayan, A. (2001). Culture and systems of thought: Holistic versus analytic cognition. Psychological Review, 108(2), 291-310. doi: 10.1037//0033-295X.108.2.291
  • Na, J., Kosinski, M., & Stillwell, D. (2015). When a new tool is introduced in different cultural contexts: Individualism-Collectivism and social network on Facebook. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 46(3), 355-370. doi: 10.1177/0022022114563932
  • Obal, M., & Kunz, W. (2016). Cross-cultural differences in uses of online experts. Journal of Business Research, 69(3), 1148-1156. doi: 10.1016/j. jbusres.2015.08.030
  • Quirós-Ramírez, M., & Onisawa, T. (2015). Considering cross-cultural context in the automatic recognition of emotions. International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 6(1), 119-127. doi: 10.1007/s13042-013-0192-2
  • Raskin, R., & Hall, C. (1981). The Narcissistic Personality Inventory: Alternative form reliability and further evidence of construct validity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 45(2), 159-162. doi: 10.1207/ s15327752jpa4502_10
  • Rosenberg, M. (1989). Society and the adolescent self-image. Revised edition. Middletown, C.T., England: Wesleyan University Press.
  • Rui, J., & Stefanone, M. (2013). Strategic self-presentation online: A cross-cultural study. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 110-118. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2012.07.022
  • Schmitt, D., & Allik, J. (2005). Simultaneous administration of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale in 53 nations: Exploring the universal and culture-specifi c features of global self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(4), 623-642. doi: 10.1037/00223514.89.4.623
  • Spencer-Rodgers, J., Williams, M., & Peng, K. (2010). Cultural differences in expectations of change and tolerance for contradiction: A decade of empirical research. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 14(3), 296-312. doi: 10.1177/1088868310362982
  • Toussaint, L., & Webb, J. (2005). Gender differences in the relationship between empathy and forgiveness. The Journal of Social Psychology, 145(6), 673-685. doi: 10.3200/SOCP.145.6.673-686
  • Villadangos, M., Errasti, J., Amigo, I., Jolliffe, D., & García-Cueto, E. (2016). Characteristics of Empathy in young people measured by the Spanish validation of the Basic Empathy Scale. Psicothema, 28(3), 323-329.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet