Niveles de ira en practicantes de boxeo y kickboxingdiferencias en función de la disciplina y el nivel deportivo

  1. Menéndez Santurio, J.I. 1
  2. Fernández-Río, J. 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Oviedo
    info

    Universidad de Oviedo

    Oviedo, España

    ROR https://ror.org/006gksa02

Revista:
Cuadernos de psicología del deporte

ISSN: 1578-8423 1989-5879

Año de publicación: 2015

Volumen: 15

Número: 3

Páginas: 75-86

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.4321/S1578-84232015000300007 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDIGITUM editor

Otras publicaciones en: Cuadernos de psicología del deporte

Resumen

El objetivo fundamental de este trabajo fue estudiar el perfil de ira desde una perspectiva multidimensional en deportes de contacto pleno (al K.O.). En el estudio participaron 269 hombres entre 16 y 39 años divididos en 5 grupos por niveles deportivos: no practicantes, practicantes regulares, competidores regionales, nacionales e internacionales. Se les administró un cuestionario sociodemográfico y el Inventario de la Expresión de la Ira Estado-Rasgo (STAXI-2). Se hallaron diferencias significativas (p<,05) en función del nivel deportivo en todas las escalas y subescalas del inventario exceptuando en la expresión y control interno de ira. Las pruebas post hoc revelaron cómo el grupo de deportistas internacionales presentó niveles significativamente más bajos de ira que los practicantes regulares y los no practicantes. Asimismo, se han establecido correlaciones significativas entre la edad, los años, los días y las horas de práctica y diferentes dimensiones de la ira. No se han encontrado diferencias significativas en el nivel de ira entre los practicantes regulares de estas disciplinas y los no practicantes de actividad física. Finalmente, tampoco se han encontrado diferencias significativas en los niveles de ira entre los practicantes de boxeo y los de kickboxing. Se discuten los hallazgos del estudio, se exponen las limitaciones encontradas, futuras líneas de investigación y aplicaciones prácticas.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Adler, U.B. (2003). Karate and mental health: Can the practice of a martial art reduce aggressive tendencies? New York: ETD Collection for Pace University.
  • Ali, T., Emrah, A., Fahri, A., Necmettin, P. y Gülcan, T. (2010). Martial artists versus team sportsmen: aggressiveness and received social support. Ovidius University Annals, Series Physical Education and Sport/Science, Movement and Health, 10 (2), 202-207.
  • Ali, B.M., Ichraf, A., Khaled, T., Liwa, M. y Ali, E. (2013). Effect of gender and type of sport practiced on aggression and self-esteem in Tunisian athletes. Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 8 (4), 74-80.
  • Ato, M., López, J.J. y Benavente, A. (2013). Un sistema de clasificación de los diseños de investigación en psicología. Anales de Psicología, 29 (3), 1038-1059.
  • Berkowitz, L. (1996). Agresión: Causas, consecuencias y control. Bilbao, España: Editorial Desclée de Brouwer.
  • Bisquerra, R. (coord.) (2012). Metodología de la investigación educativa. Madrid: La Muralla.
  • Bjorkqvist, K. y Varhama, L. (2001). Attitudes toward violent conflict resolution among male and female karateka in comparison with practitioners of other sports. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 92 (2), 586-588.
  • Bolgar, M., Janelle, C., y Giacobbi, P. (2008). Trait anger, appraisal, and coping differences among adolescent tennis players. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 20, 73-87.
  • Boostani, M.A. y Boostani, M.H. (2012). Investigation and comparing aggression in athletes in non-contact (swimming), limited contact (karate) and contactable (kickboxing) sport fields. Journal of Combat Sports and Martial Arts, 2 (2), 87-89.
  • van Bottenburg, M., Rijnen, B. y van Sterkenburg, J. (2005). Sports participation in the European Union. Trends and differences. Nieuwegein: W.J.H. Mulier Institute-Arko Sports Media.
  • Brown, D.R., Wang, Y., Ward, A., Ebbeling, C.B., Fortlage, L., Puleo, E., Benson, H. y Rippe, J.M. (1995). Chronic psychological effects of exercise and exercise plus cognitive strategies. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 27(5), 765-775.
  • Carrasco, M.A. y González, M.J. (2006). Aspectos conductuales de la agresión: definición y modelos explicativos. Acción Psicológica, 4 (2), 7-38.
  • Chiodo, S., Tessitore, A., Cortis, C., Cibelli, G., Lupo, C., Ammendolia, A., De Rosas, M. y Capranica, L. (2011). Stress-related hormonal and psychological changes to official youth Taekwondo competitions. European Journal of Sport Science, 12 (2), 113-120.
  • Daniels, K. y Thornton, E.W. (1990). An analysis of the relationship between hostility and training in the martial arts. Journal of Sport Science and Medicine, 8 (2), 95-101
  • Danish, S.J., Nellen, V.C., y Owens, S.S. (1996). Teaching life skills through sport: Community based programs for adolescents. En J. K. Van Raalte y B. W. Brewer (Eds.), Exploring sport and exercise psychology (pp. 205-225). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Davenport, T. (2006). Perceptions of the contributions of the psychology to success in elite kickboxing. Journal of Sports Sciences and Medicine, 1 (5), 99-197.
  • Dunn, J.G.H., Gotwals, J.K., Causgrove, J., Dunn, J.C. y Syrotuik, D.G. (2006). Examining the relationship between perfectionism and trait anger in competitive sport. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 4 (1), 7-24
  • Egan, M.A. (1993). The effects of martial arts training on self-acceptance and anger reactivity with young adults. (Tesis doctoral no publicada). University of South California, South California.
  • Endresen, I.M. y Olweus, D. (2005). Participation in power sports and antisocial involvement in preadolescent and adolescent boys. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46 (5), 468-78.
  • Focht, B.C., Bouchard, L. J. y Murphey, M. (2000). Influence of martial arts training on the perception of experimentally induced pressure pain and selected psychological responses. Journal of Sport Behavior, 32 (3), 232-243.
  • Foster, Y. (1997). Brief aikido training versus karate and golf training and university students' scores on self-esteem, anxiety, and expression of anger. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 84 (2), 609-610.
  • van Ingen, C. (2011). Spatialities of anger: emotional geographies in a boxing program for survivors of violence. Sociology of Sport Journal, 28 (2), 171-188.
  • Loftian, S., Ziaee, V., Amini, H. y Mansournia, M. (2011). An analysis of anger in adolescent girls who practice the martial arts. International Journal of Pediatrics, 22 (1), 9.
  • Marks, M., Bukowska, K. y Biéc, P. (2012). Anxiety and emotional intelligence in members of the Poland national kickboxing team. Rozprawy Naukowe, 37, 31-38.
  • Maxwell, J. P., Visek, A. J. y Moores, E. (2009). Anger and perceived legitimacy of aggression in male Hong Kong Chinese athletes: Effects of type of sport and level of competition. Psychology of sport and exercise, 10 (2), 289-296.
  • McDiarmid, A. (2007). The impact of traditional Taekwondo on selfcontrol for middle school students. (Tesis doctoral no publicada). University of Denver, Denver.
  • McGowan, R.W. y Miller, M.J. (1989). Differences in mood states between successful and less successful karate participants. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 68, 505-506.
  • McGowan, R.W., Pierce, E.F. y Jordan, D. (1991). Mood alterations with a single bout of physical activity. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 72 (3-2), 1203-1209.
  • Miguel-Tobal, J., Casado, M., Can-Vindel, A. y Spielberger, C. D. (2001). Inventario de Expresión de la Ira Estado-Rasgo STAXI-2. Madrid, España: TEA Ediciones.
  • Nunnally, J. C., y Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric Theory. Nueva York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Oliva, F.J. y Calleja, N. (2010). Medición de la ira en el deporte de combate: validación del STAXI-2 en deportistas mexicanos. Revista Liberabit, 16 (1), 51-59.
  • Oliva, F.J. y Hernández, M.R. (2009). Efecto de la agresión colérica en el desempeño deportivo en deportes de contacto: una revisión empírica. Journal of Behaviour, Health and Social Issues, 1 (1), 81-88.
  • Oliva, F.J., Calleja, N. y Hernández, M.R. (2011). La ira en el desempeño deportivo del judoka. Revista Latinoamericana de Medicina Conductual, 1 (2), 41-48.
  • Oliva, F.J., Calleja, N. y Hernández, M.R. (2012). Escala de creencias sobre la ira en el deporte de combate con atletas mexicanos. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte, 12 (45), 110-121.
  • Pieter, W. y Pieter, M.S. (2008). Mood and performance in aikido athletes. Acta Kinesiologiae Universitatis Tartuensis, 13, 107-116.
  • Proios, M. (2012). The relation between the emotion of "anger" and the cognitive processes in gymnastics athletes. International Quarterly of Sport Science, 1, 10-18.
  • Reynes, E. y Lorant, J. (2001). Do competitive martial arts attract aggressive children? Perceptual and Motor Skills, 93 (2), 382-386.
  • Reynes, E. y Lorant, J. (2002). Effect of traditional judo training on aggressiveness among young boys. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 94 (1), 21-25.
  • Reynes, E. y Lorant, J. (2004). Competitive martial arts and aggressiveness: a 2-yr. longitudinal study among young boys. Perceptual Motor and Skills, 98 (1), 103-115.
  • Robazza, C., Bertollo, M. y Bortoli, L. (2006). Frequency and direction of competitive anger in contact sports. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 46, 501-508.
  • Ruiz, M. y Hanin, Y. (2003). Athletes' self perceptions of optimal states in karate: an application of the IZOF model. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 13 (2), 229-244.
  • Ruiz, M. y Hanin, Y. (2004a). Metaphoric Description and Individualized Emotion Profiling of Performance States in Top Karate Athlete. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 16 (3), 258-273.
  • Ruiz, M. y Hanin, Y. (2004b). Idiosyncratic description of anger states in skilled Spanish karate athletes: an application of the IZOF model. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 13 (1), 75-93.
  • Ruiz, M. y Hanin, Y. (2011). Perceived impact of anger on performance of skilled karate athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 12 (3), 242-249.
  • Sofia, R. y Fernando, J. (2010). As relações entre percepção de ameaça, ansiedade, raiva e agressividade no desporto: um estudo comparativo em modalidades de contacto. Revista Portuguesa de Ciências do Desporto, 13 (2), 44-56.
  • Spielberger C.D., Jacobs G.A., Russell, S. y Crane R.S. (1983). Assessment of anger: The state-trait anger scale. In: JN Butcher, C.D. Spielberger, (Eds.). Advances in Personality Assessment (vol. 2 pp. 159-187). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Spielberger, C.D., Johnson, E., Russell, S., Crane, R.S., Jacobs, G.A. y Worden, T. (1985). The experience and expression of anger: Construction and validation of an anger expression scale. In M. Chesney y R. Rosenman (Eds.). Anger and hostility in cardiovascular and behavioral disorders (pp. 5-30). Hemisphere: McGraw-Hill
  • Spielberger, C. D. (1999). Manual for the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, STAXI-2. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resource.
  • Steyn, B.J.M. y Roux, S. (2009). Aggression and psychological wellbeing of adolescent Tae Kwon Do participants in comparison with hockey participants and a non-sport group. African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 15 (1), 32-43.
  • Szabo, A. y Parkin, A.M. (2001). The psychological impact of training deprivation in martial artists. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2 (3), 187-199.
  • Szabo, A. y Urbán, F. (2014). Do combat sports develop emotional intelligence? Kinesiology, 46 (1), 53-60.
  • Theeboom, M. y De Knop, P. (1999). Asian martial arts and approaches of instruction in physical education. European Journal of Physical Education, 4, 146-161.
  • Vertonghen, J. y Theeboom, M. (2010). The social-psychological outcomes of martial arts practice among youth: a review. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 9, 528-537.
  • Vertonghen, J., Theeboom, M. y Pieter, W. (2014). Mediating factors in martial arts and combat sports: an analysis of the type of martial art, characteristics, and social background of young participants. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 118 (1), 41-61.
  • WAKO (2012). Ring Sports General Rules. Recuperado de http://www. wakomexico.com/attachments/Chapter-2_English.pdf
  • Ziaee, V., Loftian, S., Amini, H., Mansournia, M. y Memari, A. (2012). Anger in adolescent boy athletes: a comparison among Judo, karate, swimming and non athletes. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics, 22 (1), 9-14.