Diabetes mellitus. Criterios diagnósticos y clasificación. Epidemiología. Etiopatogenia. Evaluación inicial del paciente con diabetes

  1. L. Díaz Naya 1
  2. E. Delgado Álvarez 1
  1. 1 Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Universitario Central de Astuiras. Oviedo. España
Revista:
Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

ISSN: 0304-5412

Año de publicación: 2016

Título del ejemplar: Enfermedades endocrinológicas y metabólicas (V) Diabetes mellitus (I)

Serie: 12

Número: 17

Páginas: 935-946

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.1016/J.MED.2016.09.001 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Otras publicaciones en: Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

Resumen

Concepto La diabetes mellitus es una enfermedad metabólica de etiología múltiple caracterizada por la hiperglucemia crónica. La mayoría de los casos pueden clasificarse dentro de la categoría de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 o tipo 2, cuyo mecanismo fisiopatológico es bien distinto, si bien existen otros muchos tipos de diabetes. Epidemiología La prevalencia total de la diabetes se sitúa en torno a un 14%, siendo la diabetes tipo 2 aproximadamente el 90% de los casos, con una alta prevalencia de diabetes no conocida. Etiopatogenia En el desarrollo de la diabetes tipo 1 influyen factores genéticos, inmunológicos y ambientales. Para el desarrollo de la diabetes tipo 2 se ha visto la influencia de factores genéticos y ambientales. La diabetes tipo MODY (Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young) se caracteriza por el inicio temprano de diabetes que no requiere insulina en el momento del diagnóstico, sin signos de autoinmunidad ni resistencia a la insulina, y con patrón de herencia autosómica dominante. Su conocimiento es importante para diferenciarla de la diabetes tipo 1 y tipo 2, con las que se confunde frecuentemente, puesto que el manejo posterior es diferente.

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