Alcohol seeking by rats becomes habitual after prolonged training

  1. Matías López 1
  2. Alberto Soto 1
  3. Stefana Bura 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Oviedo (España)
Revista:
Psicothema

ISSN: 0214-9915

Año de publicación: 2016

Volumen: 28

Número: 4

Páginas: 421-427

Tipo: Artículo

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Psicothema

Resumen

Antecedentes: en este estudio se evaluó el efecto de la duración del entrenamiento instrumental sobre la conducta de búsqueda de alcohol en ratas. La investigación actual sugiere que la formación de hábitos E-R es responsable de la búsqueda compulsiva de la droga que caracteriza a las conductas adictivas. Método: se entrenó a las ratas a realizar una respuesta instrumental con etanol como recompensa. Los sujetos recibieron 2 sesiones de entrenamiento en el primer experimento y 2, 8 o 16 sesiones en el segundo estudio. Tras devaluar el etanol con LiCl se estimó la tasa de respuesta de los animales en extinción. Resultados: el efecto de la devaluación del reforzador sobre la conducta instrumental dependió del número de sesiones de entrenamiento recibidas; la tasa de respuesta disminuyó tras un entrenamiento moderado (2 y 8 sesiones) pero no se vio afectada con un entrenamiento más prolongado (16 sesiones). Conclusiones: los resultados sugieren que la búsqueda de alcohol depende del valor reforzante de la droga en la fase inicial de desarrollo de la adicción pero se vuelve rígida y automática (hábito) con la experiencia repetida.

€ Ver financiación

Información de financiación

This research was supported by grants to Mat?as L?pez (Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain, project n? PSI2012-34743), and Alberto Soto (Regional Government of Asturias, project n? BP11-059).

Financiadores

    • PSI2012-34743

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Adams, C. D. (1982). Variations in the sensitivity of instrumental responding to reinforcer devaluation. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 34B, 77-98.
  • Adams, C. D., & Dickinson, A. (1981). Instrumental responding following reinforcer devaluation. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 33B, 109-121.
  • Cardinal, R. N., & Everitt, B. J. (2004). Neural and psychological mechanisms underlying links to drug addiction. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 14, 156-162.
  • Colwill, R. M., & Rescorla, R. A. (1985). Post-conditioning devaluation of a reinforcer affects instrumental responding. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 11, 120-132.
  • Colwill, R. M., & Triola, S. M. (2002). Instrumental reesponding remains under the control of the consequent outcome after extended training. Behavioural Processes, 57, 51-64.
  • Corbit, L-H., & Janak, P. H. (2007). Ethanol-associated cues produce general Pavlovian-instrumental transfer. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 31, 766-774.
  • Cunningham, C. L., Fidler, T. L., & Hill, K. G. (2000). Animal models of alcohol’s motivational effects. Alcohol Research & Health, 24, 85-92.
  • de Wit, S., & Dickinson, A. (2009). Associative theories of goaldirected behaviour: A case for animal-human translational models. Psychological Research, 73, 463-476.
  • Deroche-Gamonet, V., Belin, D., & Piazza, P. V. (2004). Evidence for addiction-like behavior in the rat. Science, 305, 1014-1017.
  • Dickinson, A. (1995). Actions and habits: the development of behavioral autonomy. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, 308, 67-78.
  • Dickinson, A., Balleine, B. W. (1994). Motivational control of goaldirected action. Animal Learning & Behavior, 22, 1-18.
  • Dickinson, A., Wood, N., & Smith, J. W. (2002). Alcohol seeking by rats: Action or habit? Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 55B, 331-348.
  • Everitt, B. J, & Robbins, T. W. (2005). Neural systems of reinforcement for drug addiction: from action to habits to compulsion. Nature Neuroscience, 8, 1481-1489.
  • Glasner, S. V., Overmier, J. B., & Balleine B. W. (2005). The role of Pavlovian cues in alcohol seeking in dependent and nondependent rats. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 66, 53-61.
  • Hogarth, L., Dickinson, A., & Duka, T. (2010). The associative basis of cue elicited drug taking in humans. Psychopharmacology, 208, 337-351.
  • Hutcheson, D. M., Everitt, B. J., Robbins, T. W., & Dickinson, A. (2001). The role of withdrawal in heroin addiction: Enhances reward or promotes avoidance? Nature Neuroscience, 4, 943-947.
  • Koob, G. F. (2000). Animal models of craving for ethanol. Addiction, 95, 73-81.
  • Koob, G. F., & Le Moal, M. (2006). Neurobiology of addiction. London: Academic Press.
  • Mangieri, R. A., Cofresí, U., & Gonzales, R. A. (2012). Ethanol seeking by Long Evans rats is not always a goal-directed behavior. PloS One, 7, 1-13.
  • Miles, F. J., Everitt, B. J., & Dickinson, A. (2003). Oral cocaine seeking by rats: Action or habit? Behavioral Neuroscience, 117, 927-938.
  • Nelson, A., & Killcross, S. (2006). Amphetamine exposure enhances habit formation. Journal of Neuroscience, 26, 3805-3812.
  • Olmstead, M. C. (2006). Animal models of drug addiction: Where do we go from here? Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 59, 625-653.
  • Olmstead, M. C., Lafond, M. V., Everitt, B. J., & Dickinson, A. (2001). Cocaine seeking by rats is a goal-directed action. Behavioral Neuroscience, 115, 394-402.
  • Ostlund, S. B., Maidment, N. T., & Balleine, B. W. (2010). Alcohol-paired contextual cues produce an immediate and selective loss of goaldirected action in rats. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 4, 1-8.
  • Panlilio, L. V., & Goldberg, S. R. (2007). Self-administration of drugs in animals and humans as a model and a investigative tool. Addiction, 102, 1863-1870.
  • Robinson, T. E., & Berridge, K. C. (2003). Addiction. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 25-53.
  • Samson, H. H., Cunningham, C. L., Czachowski, C. L., Chappell, A., Legg, B., & Shannon, E. (2004). Devaluation and ethanol reinforcement. Alcohol, 32, 203-212.
  • Sanchis-Segura, C., & Spanagel, R. (2006). Behavioural assessment of drug reinforcement and addictive features in rodents: An overview. Addiction Biology, 11, 2-38.
  • Shaham, Y., Shalev, U., Lu, L., De Wit, H., & Stewart, J. (2003). The reinstatement model of drug relapse: History, methodology and major findings. Psychopharmacology, 168, 3-20.
  • Shalev, U., Grimm J. W., & Shaham, Y. (2002) Neurobiology of relapse to heroin and cocaine seeking: A review. Pharmacological Reviews, 54, 1-42.
  • Spanagel, R. (2000). Recent animal models of alcoholism. Alcohol Research & Health, 24, 124-131.
  • Tabakoff, B., & Hoffman, P. L. (2000). Animal models in alcohol research. Alcohol Research & Health, 24, 77-84.
  • Thrailkill, E. A., & Bouton, M. E. (2015). Contextual control of instrumental actions and habits. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition, 41, 69-80.
  • Vanderschuren, L. J., & Everitt, B. J. (2004). Drug seeking becomes compulsive after prolonged cocaine self-administrationr. Science, 305, 1017-1019.
  • Vanderschuren, L. J., & Everitt, B. J. (2005). Behavioral and neural mechanisms of compulsive drug seeking. European Journal of Pharmacology, 526, 77-88.
  • Zapata, A., Minney, V. L., & Shippenberg, T. S. (2010). Shift from goaldirected to habitual cocaine seeking after prolonged experience in rats. Journal of Neuroscience, 30, 15457-15463.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet