Locus of Control revisiteddevelopment of a new bi-dimensional measure

  1. Javier Suárez-Alvarez 1
  2. Ignacio Pedrosa 1
  3. Eduardo García-Cueto 1
  4. José Muñiz 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Oviedo
    info

    Universidad de Oviedo

    Oviedo, España

    ROR https://ror.org/006gksa02

Revista:
Anales de psicología

ISSN: 0212-9728,  1695-2294

Año de publicación: 2016

Volumen: 32

Número: 2

Páginas: 578-586

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.6018/ANALESPS.32.2.200781 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Otras publicaciones en: Anales de psicología

Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible

Resumen

El estudio del locus de control (LOC) presenta una larga tradición en Psicología, y se han diseñado distintos instrumentos para su medición. Sin embargo, la dimensionalidad del constructo no está clara y sigue siendo motivo de controversia en la actualidad. El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar nuevas evidencias de validez sobre la dimensionalidad del LOC. Para ello se ha desarrollado un nuevo instrumento de medida compuesto por 23 ítems. Se utilizó una muestra de 697 participantes de los cuales el 57.5% fueron mujeres (M=22.43; DT= 9.19). Los resultados apoyan la bidimensionalidad del LOC: interno y externo. El coeficiente de fiabilidad de cada subescala fue de .87 para LOC interno y .85 para LOC externo. Por otra parte, ambas subescalas han mostrado adecuadas evidencias de validez en función de las relaciones con la autoeficacia, motivación de logro y optimismo (rxy> .21). Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en función del sexo (p < .05), los hombres puntuaron más alto en LOC externo y las mujeres en LOC interno. Las evidencias de validez aquí presentadas apoyan una estructura de dos dimensiones para el constructo LOC. El instrumento desarrollado ha mostrado adecuadas propiedades psicométricas en términos de validez y fiabilidad

Referencias bibliográficas

  • American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, and National Council on Measurement in Education. (2014). Standards for educational and psychological testing. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Baker, F. (2001). The basics of item response theory. College Park: ERIC Clearinghouse on Assessment and Evaluation, University of Maryland.
  • Barrada, J.R. (2012). Computerized adaptive testing: a general perspective. Anales de Psicología, 28(1), 289-302.
  • Beretvas, S.N., Suizzo, M., Durham, J.A., & Yarnell, L.M. (2008). A reliability generalization study of Scores on the Rotter and Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 68, 97-119. doi:10.1177/0013164407301529.
  • Bonetti, D., Johnston, M., Rodríguez-Marin, J., Pastor, M., Martin-Aragon, M., Doherty, E., & Sheehan, K. (2001). Dimensions of perceived control: A factor analysis of three measures and an examination of their relation to activity level and mood in a student and cross-cultural patient simple. Psychology & Health, 16(1), 655-674. doi: 10.1080/08870440108405865
  • Burnham, K.P. & Anderson, D.R. (2004). Multimodel inference: Understanding AIC and BIC in model selection. Sociological Methods and Research, 33(2), 261-304. doi: 10.1177/0049124104268644.
  • Byrne, B.M. (2001). Structural equation modeling with AMOS. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Byrne, B.M (2008). Testing for multigroup equivalence of a measuring instrument: A walk through the process. Psicothema, 20(4), 872-882.
  • Cheng, C., Cheung, S.F., Chio, J.H., & Chan, M.P. (2012). Cultural meaning of perceived control: A meta-analysis of locus of control and psychological symptoms across 18 cultural regions. Psychological Bulletin, 39(1), 152-88. doi:10.1037/a0028596
  • Cheng, Y., Yuan, K., & Liu, C. (2012). Comparison of reliability measures under factor analysis and item response theory. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 72, 52-67. doi:10.1177/0013164411407315.
  • Cuesta, M., Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Vallejo, G., & Muñiz, J. (2013). Missing data and psychometric properties of personality tests. Anales de Psicología, 29(1), 285-292. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.29.1.137901
  • De Ayala, R.J. (2009). The theory and practice of item response theory. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Dimitrov, D.M. (2010). Testing for factorial invariance in the context of construct validation. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 43(2), 121-149. doi: 10.1177/0748175610373459
  • Downing, S.M. (2006). Twelve steps for effective test development. In S. M. Downing & T. M. Haladyna (Eds.), Handbook of test development (pp. 3-25). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Duttweiler, P.C. (1984). The Internal Control Index: A newly developed measure of locus of control. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 44, 209–221. doi:10.1177/0013164484442004.
  • Elosua, P. & Zumbo, B.D. (2008). Reliability coefficients for ordinal response scales. Psicothema, 20(4), 896-901.
  • Fernández-Alonso, R., Suárez-Álvarez, J., & Muñiz, J. (2012). Imputation methods for missing data in educational diagnostic evaluation. Psicothema, 24(1), 167-175.
  • Ferrando, P.J., Demestre, J., Anguiano-Carrasco, C., & Chico, E. (2011). An IRT assessment of Rotter I-E scale: A new approach and some considerations. Psicothema, 23(2), 282-288.
  • French, B.F., Hand, B., Therrien, W.J., & Valdivia Vazquez, J.A. (2012). Detection of sex differential item functioning in the Cornell Critical Thinking Test. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 28(3), 201-207. doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000127.
  • Furnham, A. (2010). A parental locus of control scale. Individual Differences Research, 8(3), 151-163.
  • Gómez-Benito, J., Hidalgo, M.D., & Zumbo, B.D. (2013). Effectiveness of combining statistical tests and effect sizes when using logistic discriminant function regression to detect Differential Item Functioning for polytomous items. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 73(5), 875-897. doi:10.1177/0013164413492419.
  • Grissom, R.J. & Kim, J.J. (2011). Effect Sizes for Research: Univariate and Multivariate Applications, Second Edition. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Hambleton, R.K, Swaminathan, H., & Rogers, H.J. (1991). Fundamentals of Item Response Theory. Newbury Park, CA: SAGE Publications, inc.
  • Huntley, F.L., Palmer, E.J., & Wakeling, H.C. (2012). Validation of an adaptation of Levenson’s locus of control scale with adult male incarcerated sexual offenders. Sex Abuse, 24(1), 46-63. doi:10.1177/1079063211403163l.
  • Kline, R.B. (2005). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford.
  • Kóbor, A., Takács, A., & Urbán, R. (2013). The Bifactor Model of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 29(4), 299-307. doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000160.
  • Kormanik, M.B. & Rocco, T.S. (2009). Internal versus external control of reinforcement: A review of the locus of control construct. Human Resource Development Review, 8(4), 463-483. doi:10.1177/1534484309342080.
  • Lefcourt, H.M. (1991). Locus of control. In Robinson, J.P., Shaver, P. R., & Wrightsman, L.S. (Eds.), Measures of personality and social psychological attitudes (pp. 413-499). New York: Academic Press.
  • Levenson, H. (1974). Activism and powerful others: Distinction within the concept of internal-external control. Journal of Personality Assessment, 38, 377-383. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223891.1974.10119988
  • Levenson, H. (1981). Differentiating among internality, powerful others, and chance. In H. M. Lefcourt (Ed.), Research with the locus of control construct (Vol. 1, pp. 15–63). New York, NY: Academic.
  • Little, T.D., Cunningham, W.A., & Shahar, G. (2002). To parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question, weighing the merits. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 151-173. doi:10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_1
  • Lozano, L.M., García-Cueto, E., & Muñiz, J. (2008). Effect of the number of response categories on the reliability and validity of rating scales. Methodology, 4(2), 73-79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241.4.2.73
  • Malcarne, V. L., Fernández, S., & Flores, L. (2005). Factorial validity of the multidimensional health locus of control scales for three American ethnic groups. Journal of Health Psychology, 10(5), 657-667.
  • Manager, T. & Eikeland, O.J. (2000). On the relationship between locus of control, level of ability and gender. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 41(3), 225-229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9450.00191
  • Marsh, H.W. & Richards, G.E. (1987). The multidimensionality of the Rotter I-E Scale and its Higher-order structure: An application of confirmatory factor analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 22, 39-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr2201_3
  • McCrae, R.R. (2013). Exploring trait assessment of samples, persons, and cultures. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95(6), 556-570. doi: 10.1080/00223891.2013.821075
  • Morales-Vives, F., Camps, E., & Lorenzo-Seva, U. (2013). Development and validation of the Psychological Maturity Assessment Scale (PSYMAS). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 29(1), 12-18. doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000115.
  • Muñiz, J. (1997). Introducción de la teoría de respuesta a los items [Introduction to item response theory]. Madrid: Pirámide.
  • Muñiz, J., Fidalgo, A.M., García-Cueto, E., Martínez, R., & Moreno, R. (2005). Análisis de los ítems [Item analysis]. Madrid: La muralla.
  • Muñiz, J., García-Cueto, E., & Lozano, L. M. (2005). Item format and the psychometric properties of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 61-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.03.021
  • Muñiz, J., Suárez-Álvarez, J., Pedrosa, I., Fonseca-Pedrero, E., & García-Cueto, E. (2014). Enterprising personality profile in youth: Components and assessment. Psicothema, 26(4), 545-553. doi: 10.7334/psicothema2014.182
  • Muthén, L.K. & Muthén, B.O. (2010). Mplus User’s Guide. Sixth Edition. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén. Retrieved from: http://www.statmodel.com/download/usersguide/Mplus%20Users%20Guide%20v6.pdf
  • Nowicki, S. & Duke, M.P. (1983). The Nowicki-Strickland Life-Span Locus of Control Scales: Construct validation. In H. M. Lefcourt (Ed.), Research with the locus of control construct (Vol. 2, pp. 9–51). New York, NY: Academic.
  • Paulhus, D L., & van Selst, M. (1990). The spheres of control scale: 10 yrs of research. Personality and Individual Differences, 11, 1029–1036. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(90)90130-J
  • Reise, S.P., Scheines, R., Widaman, K.F., & Haviland, M.G. (2013). Multidimensionality and structural coefficient bias in structural equation modeling. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 73, 5-26. doi:10.1177/0013164412449831.
  • Rotter, J.B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 80(1), 1-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0092976
  • Samejima, F. (1969). Estimation latent ability using a response pattern of graded scores. Psychometrika Monograph Supplement, 34, 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02290599
  • Severino, S., Aiello, F., Cascio, M., Ficarra, L., & Messina, R. (2011). Dis-tance education: The role of self-efficacy and locus of control in lifelong learning. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 28, 705-717. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.11.132
  • Smith, P.B.,Trompenaars, F., & Dugan, S. (1995). The Rotter locus of control scale in 43 countries: A test of cultural relativity. International Journal of Psychology, 30, 377-400.
  • Stevens, N.R., Hamilton, N.A., & Wallston, K.A. (2011). Validation of the multidimensional health locus of control scales for labor and delivery. Research in Nursing and Health, 34, 282-296. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nur.20446
  • Suárez-Álvarez, J., Campillo-Álvarez, A., Fonseca-Pedrero, E., García-Cueto, E., & Muñiz, J. (2013). Professional training in the workplace: The role of achievement motivation and locus of control. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 16, E35. doi: 10.1017/sjp.2013.19
  • Suárez-Álvarez, J., Pedrosa, I., García-Cueto, I., & Muñiz, J. (2014). Screening enterprising personality in youth: An empirical model. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 17, e60, 1–9. doi: 10.1017/sjp.2014.61
  • Thompson, E.R. & Prendergast, G.P. (2013). Belief in luck and luckiness: Conceptual clarification and new measure validation. Personality and Individual Differences, 54, 501-506. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2012.10.027
  • Urbig, D. & Monsen, E. (2012). The structure of optimism: Controllability affects the extent to which efficacy beliefs shape outcome expectancies. Journal of Economic Psychology, 33, 854-867. doi: 10.1016/j.joep.2012.03.004.
  • Van der Linden, W.J. & Glas, C.A.W. (Eds.) (2010). Elements of adaptive testing. London: Springer.
  • Van der Linden, W. J. & Hambleton, R. K. (1996). Handbook of Modern Item Response Theory. New York: Springer-Verlag.
  • Wang, Q., Bowling, N.A., & Eschleman, K.J. (2010). A meta-analytic examination of work and general locus of control. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(4), 761-768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0017707
  • Watters, D.A., Thomas, B.H., & Streiner, D.L. (1990). Factor analysis of the Nowicki-Strickland locus of control scale: Why is replication so difficult? Educational and Psychological Measurement, 50(3), 515-523. doi: 10.1177/0013164490503005.
  • Weiner, B. (1979). A theory of motivation for some classroom experiences. Journal of Educational Psychology, 71(1), 3-25.
  • Wilson, M. (2005). Constructing measures: An item response modeling approach. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Zimmermann, G., Rossier, J., Meyer de Stadelhofen, F., & Gaillard, F. 2005. Alexithymia assessment and relations with dimensions of personality. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 21(1), 23-33. doi:10.1027/1015-5759.21.1.23.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet