Internet Abuse Risk Factors among Spanish Adolescents

  1. Carballo Crespo, José Luis
  2. Marín Vila, María
  3. Espada Sánchez, José Pedro
  4. Orgilés Amorós, Mireia
  5. Piqueras Rodríguez, José Antonio
Revista:
The Spanish Journal of Psychology

ISSN: 1138-7416

Año de publicación: 2015

Volumen: 18

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.1017/SJP.2015.99 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: The Spanish Journal of Psychology

Resumen

Empirical evidence has revealed various factors that contribute to the development and maintenance of Internet abuse. The aim of this paper was to analyze, on a sample of Spanish adolescents, the relationship between Internet abuse and: (1) Personal and interpersonal risk factors, including social skills in both virtual and real-life contexts; (2) Drug use. A total of 814 high school students aged between 13 and 17 participated in this study, and were divided into two groups: Internet Abusers (IA = 173) and Non-Internet Abusers (NIA = 641). Questionnaires were used to analyze Internet and drug use/abuse, as well as social skills, in virtual and real contexts. Various interpersonal risk factors (family and group of friends) were also assessed. IA showed a more severe pattern of Internet and drug use, as well as poorer social skills in both contexts. Moreover, their groups of friends appeared more likely to become involved in risky situations related to Internet and drug abuse. Both IA and NIA showed more adaptive social skills in the virtual context than in the real one. There is a need for further research to build on these findings, with a view to designing specific preventive programs that promote responsible Internet use.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th Ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.
  • Becoña E. (2002). Bases científicas de la prevención de las drogodependencias [Scientific basis of drug prevention]. Madrid, Spain: Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas.
  • Beranuy M., Chamarro A., Graner C., & Carbonell X. (2009). Validation of two brief scales for Internet addiction and mobile phone problem use. Psicothema, 21, 480–485.
  • Caballo V. E., & Ortega A. R. (1989). La escala Multidimensional de Expresión Social: Algunas propiedades psicométricas [The Multidimensional Scale of Social Expression: Some psychometric properties]. Revista de Psicología General y Aplicada, 42, 215–221.
  • Carballo J. L., García O., Secades R., Fernández J. R., García E., Errasti J. M., & Alhalabí S. (2004). Construcción y validación de un cuestionario para la evaluación de factores de riesgo interpersonales para el consumo de drogas en la adolescencia [Construction and validation of a questionnaire for the assessment of interpersonal risk factors for drug use in adolescence]. Psicothema, 16, 675–680.
  • Carballo J. L., Pérez-Jover M. V., Espada J. P., Orgilés M., & Piqueras J. A. (2012). Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala Multidimensional de Expresión Social para la evaluación de habilidades sociales en el contexto de Internet [Psychometric properties of a Multidimensional Scale of Social Expression to assess social skills in the Internet context]. Psicothema, 24(1), 121–126.
  • Carbonell X., Fúster H., Chamarro A., & Oberst U. (2012). Adicción a Internet y móvil: Una revisión de estudios empíricos españoles [Internet and mobile Addiction: A review of Spanish empirical studies]. Papeles del Psicólogo, 33, 82–89.
  • CASA (2011). National Survey of American Attitudes on Substance Abuse XVI: Teens and Parents. New York, NY: Author.
  • Castellana M., Sánchez-Carbonell X., Graner C., & Beranuy M. (2007). El adolescente ante las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación: Internet, móvil y videojuegos [The adolescent to the information and communications technology: Internet, mobile and video games]. Papeles del psicólogo, 28, 196–204.
  • Cohen J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Second Edition. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers.
  • Echeburúa E., & de Corral P. (2010). Adicción a las nuevas tecnologías y a las redes sociales en jóvenes: Un nuevo reto [Addiction to new technologies and to online social networking in young people: A new challenge]. Adicciones, 22, 91–96.
  • Estévez L., Bayón C., De la Cruz J., & Fernández-Liria A. (2009). Uso y abuso de Internet en adolescentes [Internet use and abuse in adolescents]. In E. Echeburúa, F. J. Labrador & E. Becoña (Eds.), Adicciones a las nuevas tecnologías en adolescentes y jóvenes [Adicction to new technologies in adolescents and young people] (pp. 101–128). Madrid, Spain: Pirámide.
  • García J. A., Terol M. C., Nieto M., Lledo A., Sánchez S., Martín-Aragón M., & Sitges E. (2008). Use and abuse of the Internet in university students. Adicciones, 20, 131–142.
  • Gómez Salgado P., Rial A., Braña T., & Varela J. (2014). Evaluation and early detection of problematic Internet use in adolescents. Psicothema, 26, 21–26.
  • Garrote G. (2013). Uso y abuso de tecnologías en adolescentes y su relación con algunas variables de personalidad, estilos de crianza, consumo de alcohol y autopercepción como estudiante [Technology use and abuse of among adolescents and its relationship with some personality variables, parental styles, alcohol and student self­ perception] (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Universidad de Burgos. Burgos, Spain.
  • Griffiths M. D. (2012). Internet sex addiction: A review of empirical research. Addiction Research & Theory, 20, 111–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/16066359.2011.588351
  • Hernández T., Roldán J., Jiménez A., Mora C., Escarpa D., & Pérez M. T. (2009). La edad de inicio en el consumo de drogas, un indicador de consumo problemático [The starting age of drugs’ consumption as an indicator for problematic consumption]. Psychosocial Intervention, 18, 199–212.
  • Herrera M. F., Pacheco M. P., Palomar J., & Zavala D. (2010). La adicción a Facebook relacionada con la baja autoestima, la depresión y la falta de habilidades sociales [Facebook Addiction Related to Low Self­Esteem, Depression and Lack of Social Skills]. Psicología Iberoamericana, 18(1), 6–18.
  • Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) (2011). Encuesta sobre equipamiento y uso de tecnologías de la información y comunicación en los hogares [Survey on equipment and use of information and communication technologies at home]. Madrid, Spain: Instituto Nacional de Estadística.
  • Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) (2014). Encuesta sobre equipamiento y uso de tecnologías de la información y comunicación en los hogares [Survey on equipment and use of information and communication technologies at home]. Madrid, Spain: Instituto Nacional de Estadística.
  • Israelashvili M., Kim T., & Bukobza G. (2012). Adolescents' over­use of the cyber world ­ internet addiction or identity exploration? Journal of Adolescence, 35, 417–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.07.015
  • Jiménez L., & Pantoja A. V. (2007). Autoestima y relaciones interpersonales en sujetos adictos a Internet [Self­esteem and interpersonal relationships among Internet addicted users]. Revista de Psicología, 26(1), 78–89.
  • Kandell J. J. (1998). Internet addiction on campus: The vulnerability of college students. Ciberpyschology & Behavior, 1(1), 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cpb.1998.1.11
  • Kittinger R., Correia C. J., & Irons J. G. (2012). Relationship between facebook use and problematic internet use among college students. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 15, 324–327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2010.0410
  • Korkeila J. (2012). Internet Addiction. Duodecim, 128, 741–748. Lee B. W., & Stapinski L. A. (2012). Seeking safety on the internet: Relationship between social anxiety and problematic internet use. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26(1), 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.11.001
  • López-Fernández O., Freixa-Blanxart M., & Honrubia-Serrano M. L. (2013). The problematic internet entertainment use scale for adolescents: Prevalence of problem Internet use in Spanish high school students. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 16, 108–118.
  • López S., & Rodríguez-Arias J. L. (2010). Risk and protective factors in adolescents’ drug use, and differences by age and sex. Psicothema, 22, 568–573.
  • National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (2004). Council Approves Definition of Binge Drinking. NIAAA Newsletter, Winter 3.
  • Ni X., Yan H., Chen S., & Liu Z. (2009). Factors influencing internet addiction in a sample of freshmen university students in China. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 12, 327–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2008.0321
  • Plan Nacional Sobre Drogas (2008). Encuesta Estatal sobre Uso de Drogas en Enseñanzas Secundarias (ESTUDES) [National Survey on Drug Use in Secondary Education]. Madrid, Spain: Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas.
  • Poli R., & Agrimi E. (2012). Internet addiction disorder: Prevalence in an Italian student population. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 66(1), 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08039488.2011.605169
  • Sánchez-Martínez M., & Otero A. (2010). Usos de internet y factores asociados en adolescentes de la Comunidad de Madrid [Internet and associated factors in adolescents in the Community of Madrid]. Atención primaria: Publicación oficial de la Sociedad Española de Familia y Comunitaria, 42, 79–85.
  • Sanchez-Carbonell X., Beranuy M., Castellana M., Chamarro A., & Oberst U. (2008). Internet and cell phone addiction: passing fad or disorder? Adicciones, 20, 149–159.
  • Secades-Villa R., Calafat A., Fernández-Hermida J. R., Juan M., Duch M., Skärstand E., … Talic S. (2014). Tiempo de uso de Internet y efectos psicosociales adversos en adolescentes europeos [Duration of Internet use and adverse psychosocial effects among European adolescents]. Adicciones, 26, 247–253.
  • Secades R., Carballo J. L., Fernández J. R., García O., & García E. (2006). FRIDA. Factores de riesgo interpersonales para el consumo de drogas en adolescentes [Interpersonal risk factors for drug use in adolescence]. Madrid, Spain: TEA Ediciones.
  • Shaw M., & Black D. W. (2008). Internet addiction: Definition, assessment, epidemiology and clinical management. CNS Drugs, 22, 353–365. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00023210­200822050­00001
  • Siomos K., Floros G., Fisoun V., Evaggelia D., Farkonas N., Sergentani E., … Geroukalis D. (2012). Evolution of Internet addiction in Greek adolescent students over a two­year period: The impact of parental bonding. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 21, 211–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00787­012­0254­0
  • Tsitsika A., Critselis E., Kormas G., Filippopoulou A., Tounissidou D., Freskou A., … Kafetzis D. (2009). Internet use and misuse: A multivariate regression analysis of the predictive factors of internet use among Greek adolescents. European Journal of Pediatrics, 168, 655–665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00431­008­0811­1
  • Tsitsika A., Critselis E., Louizou A., Janikian M., Freskou A., Marangou E., … Kafetzis D. (2011). Determinants of Internet addiction among adolescents: A case­control study. The Scientific World Journal, 11, 866–874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2011.85
  • Tsouvelas G., & Giotakos O. (2011). Internet use and pathological internet engagement in a sample of college students. Psychiatrike, 22, 221–230.
  • Wang L., Luo J., Bai Y., Kong J., Luo J., Gao W., & Sun X. (2013). Internet addiction of adolescents in China: Prevalence, predictors, and association with well­being. Addiction Research & Theory, 21(1), 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/16066359.2012.690053
  • Young K. S. (1998). Internet Addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 1, 237–244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cpb.1998.1.237
  • Zboralski K., Orzechowska A., Talarowska M., Darmosz A., Janiak A., Janiak M., & Gałecki P. (2009). The prevalence of computer and Internet addiction among pupils. Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej, 2, 8–12.