Diferencias de género en la prevalencia de los trastornos por uso de alcohol del DSM-IV en adolescentes

  1. Secades Villa, Roberto 1
  2. López Núñez, Carla 1
  3. Fernández Artamendi, Sergio 1
  4. Weidberg, Sara 1
  5. Fernández Hermida, José Ramón 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Oviedo
    info

    Universidad de Oviedo

    Oviedo, España

    ROR https://ror.org/006gksa02

Revista:
Adicciones: Revista de socidrogalcohol

ISSN: 0214-4840

Año de publicación: 2013

Volumen: 25

Número: 3

Páginas: 260-268

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.20882/ADICCIONES.54 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Adicciones: Revista de socidrogalcohol

Resumen

Las encuestas sobre el uso de alcohol en los adolescentes en Europa no suelen proporcionar información sobre los criterios para el diagnóstico de trastornos por uso alcohol (TUA) o la prevalencia de dichos trastornos. En este estudio se valora la prevalencia de TUA en una muestra de adolescentes españoles, y se identifican los síntomas más prevalentes, así como las diferencias de género en TUA en esta población. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 504 participantes de entre 15 y 18 años. Se realizó un muestreo al azar de todas las escuelas del Principado de Asturias (España). La presencia de abuso de alcohol (AA) y la dependencia del alcohol (DA) fue evaluada según el DSM-IV-TR. Los resultados mostraron que el 12,5% de la muestra cumplía criterios para el diagnóstico de TUA (6,7% AA y 5,8% DA). Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron tener problemas sociales para el diagnóstico de AA (9% de los participantes que habían bebido en el último año) y tolerancia para el diagnóstico de DA (45,8% de los participantes que habían bebido en el último año). Los varones mostraron una puntuación significativamente más alta que las mujeres en TUA, AA y dos criterios de AA (consumo imprudente y problemas legales). La prevalencia de TUA en los adolescentes españoles es muy alta. Los varones son más propensos que las mujeres a cumplir criterios de TUA y AA, aunque no de DA. Estos hallazgos revelan un problema de salud grave y ponen de relieve la necesidad de desarrollar esfuerzos coordinados de prevención e intervenciones tempranas de los problemas de uso de alcohol.

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