Desigualdade e crecemento económicocírculos viciosos ou virtuosos?

  1. López Menéndez, Ana Jesús 1
  2. Cowell, Frank A. 2
  1. 1 Universidad de Oviedo
    info

    Universidad de Oviedo

    Oviedo, España

    ROR https://ror.org/006gksa02

  2. 2 London School of Economics and Political Science
    info

    London School of Economics and Political Science

    Londres, Reino Unido

    ROR https://ror.org/0090zs177

Revista:
Revista galega de economía: Publicación Interdisciplinar da Facultade de Ciencias Económicas e Empresariais

ISSN: 1132-2799

Año de publicación: 2013

Título del ejemplar: Economía da desigualdade

Volumen: 22

Número: 2

Páginas: 15-36

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.15304/RGE.22.EXTRA.1386 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: Revista galega de economía: Publicación Interdisciplinar da Facultade de Ciencias Económicas e Empresariais

Resumen

Las relaciones entre desigualdad y crecimiento económico han sido objeto de un amplio debate conceptual y empírico que se ha prolongado a lo largo del tiempo sin alcanzar un consenso. El efecto del crecimiento sobre la desigualdad fue estudiado por Kuznets (1955), cuya hipótesis postula que la desigualdad aumenta inicialmente con el crecimiento para posteriormente disminuir tras un punto de retorno. Este modelo de U-invertida fue extendido por Anand y Kanbur (1993), y su contraste empírico conduce a conclusiones dispares según la información, los indicadores y los métodos empleados. Con respecto al impacto de la desigualdad sobre el crecimiento, los trabajos de Lewis (1954) y Kaldor (1956) defienden la existencia de efectos positivos, mientras que los de Alesina y Rodrick (1994), Persson y Tabellini (1994) o Deininger y Squire (1998) postulan relaciones negativas. Dado que la diversidad de hipótesis y resultados empíricos impide obtener conclusiones sobre la existencia de círculos viciosos o virtuosos entre desigualdad y crecimiento, en este trabajo proporcionamos nueva evidencia incorporando al análisis la renta en un doble sentido: como criterio de clasificación de países y, desde una óptica socioeconómica, distinguiendo entre la desigualdad relativa a rentas bajas y altas.

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