Determinantes de la gestión de la seguridad laboral en las empresas españolas

  1. Fernández Muñiz, Beatriz
  2. Montes Peón, José Manuel
  3. Vázquez Ordás, Camilo José
Revista:
Economía industrial

ISSN: 0422-2784

Año de publicación: 2011

Título del ejemplar: Industria española e influencia del entorno internacional

Número: 380

Páginas: 133-142

Tipo: Artículo

Otras publicaciones en: Economía industrial

Resumen

La gestión de riesgos laborales integrada en las operaciones de la empresa ha sido objeto de creciente importancia en los últimos años, puesto que no sólo reduce los índices de accidentes, sino también las pérdidas económicas y, en consecuencia, mejora la productividad de la empresa. Sin embargo, se ha prestado poca atención al análisis de los factores de la organización que facilitan o limitan la implantación de un sistema de gestión de la seguridad dentro de la misma. Con el fin de cubrir este vacío en la literatura, este estudio se centra en la identificación de aquellas características que fomentan el desarrollo de dicho sistema. Los resultados muestran que el tamaño de la empresa, la experiencia previa en políticas de calidad y medioambientales o el grado de internacionalización de la empresa, entre otros, ejercen una influencia positiva sobre la gestión de la seguridad.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • ANDERSON, J.C. y GERBING, D.W. (1988). «“Structural Equation Modelling in Practice: A Review and Recommend Two-Step Approach». Psychological Bulletin 103, 411-423.
  • ANDREONI, D. (1986). The Cost of Occupational Accidents and Diseases. International Labour Office, Geneva.
  • ASHFORD, N.A. (1997). «The Importance of Taking Technological Innovation into Account in Estimating the Costs and Benefits of Worker Health and Safety Regulation». En: Mossink, J. y Licher, F. (Eds.). Cost and Benefits of Occupational Safety and Health: Proceedings of the European Conference on Costs and Benefits of Occupational Health and Safety 1997, The Hague, Holland.
  • BASSO, B., CARPEGNA, C., DIBITONTO, C. GAIDO, G., ROBOTTO, A. y ZONATO, C. (2004). «Reviewing the safety management system by incident investigation and performance indicators». Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 17, 225-231.
  • BESTRATÉN, M. y CARBONERAS, M.A. (2003). «Integración de Sistemas de Gestión: Prevención de Riesgos Laborales, Calidad y Medio Ambiente» Nota Tecnica de Prevención. No. 576. Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo.
  • BIRD, F.E. (1975). Control Total de Pérdidas. Consejo Interamericano de Seguridad, New Jersey.
  • BROWN, K.A. (1996). «Workplace Safety: a Call for Research». Journal of Operations Management 9, 54-63.
  • BROWN, K.A., Willis, P.G. y Prussia, G.E. (2000). «Predicting Safe Employee Behaviour in the Steel Industry: Development and Test of a Sociotechnical Model». Journal of Operations Management 18, 445-465.
  • BSI. (1996). «Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems». British Standards 8800. BSI, London.
  • BSI. (1999). OHSAS 18001:1999, Occupational health and safety management systems – specification, BSI, London.
  • BURKHARDT, W.F. (1994). «Management of change – a key element of process safety management». En: Petro-safe 1994 Conference and Exhibition Conference Papers Book 1 and 2.
  • CHURCHILL, G.A. (1979). «A Paradigm for Developing Better Measures for Marketing Constructs». Journal of Marketing Research 16, 64-73.
  • CIVIL AVIATION SAFETY AUTHORITY. (2002). Safety Management Systems: Getting Started. PMP, Australia.
  • COHEN, A. (1977). «Factors in Successful Occupational Safety Programs». Journal of Safety Research 9, 168-178.
  • COHEN, A., SMITH, M. y COHEN, H.H. (1975). Safety Programme Practices in High vs Low Accident Rate Companies: An interim Report. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Publication No. 75-185, Cincinnati.
  • DEJOY, D.M., SCHAFFER, B.S., WILSON, M.G., VANDENBERG, R.J. y BUTTS, M.M. (2004). «Creating Safer Workplaces: Assessing the Determinants and Role of Safety Climate». Journal of Safety Research 35, 81-90.
  • DEMICHELA, M., PICCININI, N. y ROMANO, A. (2004). «Risk analysis as a basis for safety management system». Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 17, 179-185.
  • DIAZ , R.I. y CABRERA, D. (1997). «Safety Climate and Attitude as Evaluation Measures of Organizational Safety». Accident Analysis and Prevention 29, 643-650.
  • DONALD, I. y YOUNG, S. (1996). «Managing Safety: an Attitudinal-Based Approach to Improving Safety in Organizations». Leadership & Organizational Journal 17, 13-20.
  • EIFF, G. (1999). «Organizational Safety Culture». Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Aviation Psychology. Columbus.
  • FERNÁNDEZ-MUÑIZ, B., MONTES-PEÓN, J.M. y VÁZQUEZ ORDÁS, C.J. (2007a). «Safety culture: Analysis of the causal relationships between its key dimensions». Journal of Safety Research 38, 627- 641.
  • FERNÁNDEZ-MUÑIZ, B., MONTES-PEÓN, J.M. y VÁZQUEZ ORDÁS, C.J. (2007b). «Safety Management System: Development and validation of a multidimensional scale». Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 20, 52-68..
  • GILL, G. y SHERGILL, G.S. (2004). «Perceptions of safety management and safety culture in the aviation industry in New Zealand». Journal of Air Transport Management 10, 231-237.
  • GULDENMUND, F.W. 2000. The Nature of Safety Culture: a Review of Theory and Research. Safety Science 34, 215-257.
  • HAIR, J.F., ANDERSON, R.E., TATHAM, R.L. y BLACK, W.C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis, Prentice-Hall International Inc., Upper Saddle River.
  • HALE, A.R., HEMING, B.H.J, CARTHEY, J. y KIRWAN, B. (1997). «Modelling of safety management systems». Safety Science 26, 121-140.
  • HARMS-RINGDAHL, L. (2004). «Relationships between accident investigations, risk analysis, and safety management». Journal of Hazardous Materials 111, 13-19.
  • HOFMANN, D.A., JACOBS, R. y LANDY, F. (1995). «High Reliability Process Industries: Individual Micro, and Macroorganizational Influences on Safety Performance». Journal of Safety Research 26, 131-149.
  • HOFMANN, D.A. y STETZER, A. (1996). «A Cross-Level Investigation of Factors Influencing Unsafe Behaviours and Accidents Personnel». Psychology, 307-339.
  • HSE. 1997. Successful Health and Safety Management, HSG65, HSE Books, London.
  • HURST, N.W., YOUNG, S., GIBSON, H. y MUYSELAAR, A. (1996). «Measures of Safety Performance and Attitudes to Safety at Major Hazard Sites». Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industry 9, 161-172.
  • ILO. (2001). Guidelines on Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems. ILO-OSH 2001, Ginebra.
  • KAWKA, N. y KIRCHSTEIGER, C. (1999). «Technical note on the contribution of sociotechnical factors to accidents notified to MARS». Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 12, 53- 57.
  • KENNEDY, R. y KIRWAN, B. (1998). «Development of a Hazard and Operability-Based Method for Identifying Safety Management Vulnerabilities in High Risk Systems». Safety Science 30, 67-92.
  • KIRWAN, B. (1998). «Safety Management Assessment and Task Analysis: a Missing Link?». En: Hale, A., Baram, M. (Eds.). Safety Management: The Challenge of Change. Elsevier, Oxford, 67-92.
  • KLETZ, T.A. (1993). «Organizations have no Memory when it Comes to Safety: A Thoughtful Look at why Plants don’t Learn from the Past». Hydrocarbon Processing 6, 88-95.
  • LABODOVÁ, A. (2004). «Implementing integrated management systems using a risk analysis based approach». Journal of Cleaner Production 12, 571-580.
  • LIN TEO, E. y YNG LING F.Y. (2005). «Developing a model to measure the effectiveness of safety management systems of construction sites». Building and Environment, artículo in press.
  • LINDSAY, F.D. (1992). «Successful health and safety management. The contribution of management audit». Safety Science 15, 387-402.
  • MCDONALD, N., CORRIGAN, S., DALY, C. y CROMIE, S. (2000). «Safety management systems and safety culture in aircraft maintenance organisations». Safety Science 34, 151-176.
  • MEARNS, K., WHITAKER, S.M. y FLIN, R. (2003). «Safety Climate, Safety Management Practice and Safety Performance in Offshore Environments». Safety Science 41, 641-680.
  • MITCHISON, N. y PAPADAKIS, G.A. (1999). «Safety Management System under Seveso II: Implementation and Assessment». Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 12, 43-51.
  • NIEDERLEYTNER MOLINA, J.A., GRAU RÍOS, M. y YANES COLOMA, J. (1996). Gestión de la Prevención en las Empresas: Cómo Gestionar la Prevención. Edición Especial CINCO DÍAS: Madrid.
  • ORTÍZ LAVADO, A. (1999). «Sinergia entre Seguridad, Salud Ocupacional y Medio Ambiente: Hacia una Administración Conjunta». Mapfre Seguridad 76, 3-11.
  • ORTÍZ LAVADO, A. (2001). «Integración de la Seguridad, Medio Ambiente y Calidad: la Última Tendencia». Mapfre Seguridad 81, 3-9.
  • PAPADAKIS, G. (2000). «Assessment of requirements on safety management systems in EU regulations for the control of major hazard pipelines». Journal of Hazardous Materials 78, 63-89.
  • PETERSEN, D. (2000). «Safety Management 2000. Our Strengths & Weaknesses». Professional Safety. January, 16-19.
  • REASON, J. (1997). Managing the Risk of Organizational Accidents. Ashagate Publishing Ltd, Aldershot, Hants.
  • REASON, J. (1998). «Achieving a Safe Culture: Theory and Practice». Work and Stress 12, 293-306.
  • RECHENTHIN, D. (2004). «Project safety as a sustainable competitive advantage». Journal of Safety Research 35, 297-308.
  • RUNDMO, T. (1996). «Associations between Risk Perception and Safety». Safety Science 24, 197-209.
  • SANTOS-REYES, J. y BEARD, A.L. (2002). «Assessing safety management systems». Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 15, 77-95.
  • SÁNCHEZ-TOLEDO, A., ABAD, J. y RODRÍGUEZ, P. (2010). «La integración de los sistemas de gestión según las normas internacionales». Forum Calidad 215, 32-36.
  • SHAFAI-SAHRAI, Y. (1971). An Inquiry into Factors that Might Explain Differences in Occupational Accident Experience of Similar Size Firms in the same Industry. Division of Research, Graduate School of Business Administration, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.
  • SHANNON, H.S., MAYR, J. y HAINES, T. (1997). «Overview of the relationship between Organizational and workplace factors and injury rates». Safety Science 26, 201-217.
  • SMALLMAN, C. y JOHN, G. (2001). «British Directors Perspectives on the Impact of Health and Safety on Corporate Performance». Safety Science 38, 227-239.
  • SMITH, M.J., COHEN, A., COHEN, H.H. y CLEVELAND, R.S. (1978). «Characteristics of successful safety programs». Journal of Safety Research 10, 5-15.
  • VINODKUMAR, M.N. y BHASI, M. (2009). «Safety climate factors and its relationship with accidents and personal attributes in the chemical industry». Safety Science 47, 659-667.
  • VIÑA, S., MONTERO, R., CONCEPCIÓN, E. y MHO, M. (1997). «En Busca de la Sinergia: Integrando Calidad y Seguridad en la Gestión». Mapfre Seguridad 65, 15-21.
  • VREDENBURGH, A. (2002). «Organizational Safety: Which Management Practices are Most Effective in Reducing Employee Injury Rates?». Journal of Safety Research 33, 259-276.
  • WALKER, D. y TAIT, R. (2004). «Health and safety management in small enterprises: an effective low cost approach». Safety Science 42, 69-83.
  • ZOHAR, D. (1980). «Safety Climate in Industrial Organizations: Theoretical and Applied Implications». Journal of Applied Psychology 65, 95-102.