Cluster A maladaptive personality patterns in a non-clinical adolescent population

  1. Fonseca Pedrero, Eduardo 1
  2. Paino Piñeiro, María de las Mercedes 2
  3. Santarén Rosell, Marta 1
  4. Lemos Giráldez, Serafín 2
  1. 1 Universidad de La Rioja
    info

    Universidad de La Rioja

    Logroño, España

    ROR https://ror.org/0553yr311

  2. 2 Universidad de Oviedo
    info

    Universidad de Oviedo

    Oviedo, España

    ROR https://ror.org/006gksa02

Revista:
Psicothema

ISSN: 0214-9915

Año de publicación: 2013

Volumen: 25

Número: 2

Páginas: 171-178

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.7334/PSICOTHEMA2012.74 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Psicothema

Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible

Resumen

Antecedentes: la prevalencia y la expresión de los trastornos de la personalidad del Cluster A en la adolescencia se encuentra escasamente analizada y comprendida. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la tasa de los rasgos y patrones desadaptativos de la personalidad del Cluster A en adolescentes. También se examinó la estructura dimensional subyacente y la influencia del sexo y la edad en su expresión fenotípica. Método: la muestra la formaron 1.443 participantes (M= 15,9 años; DT= 1,2). El instrumento de medida utilizado fue el Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+ (PDQ-4+). Resultados: los rasgos de las personalidades del Cluster A son comunes entre la población adolescente. El 13,1% (n= 189) de la muestra presentaría, según el PDQ-4+, un patrón desadaptativo de la personalidad del Cluster A. La estructura dimensional subyacente arrojó dos factores interrelacionados, Paranoide y Esquizotípico-Esquizoide. Los varones presentaron, en comparación con las mujeres, mayores puntuaciones en la subescala esquizotípica cuando la puntuación era dimensional, y en las subescalas esquizotípica y esquizoide cuando la puntuación de los ítems era dicotomizada. Conclusiones: estos datos permiten avanzar en la comprensión de los rasgos del Cluster A y en la detección temprana de adolescentes con riesgo de desarrollar un trastorno de la personalidad.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (4th ed.). Washington DC: Author.
  • American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed. revised) Washington, DC: Author.
  • Bernstein, D.P., Cohen, P., Velez, C.N., Schwab-Stone, M., Siever, L.J., & Shinsato, L. (1993). Prevalence and stability of the DSM-III-R personality disorders in a community-based survey of adolescents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150(8), 1237-1243.
  • Calvo, N., Gutiérrez, F., Andión, O., Caseras, X., Torrubia, R., & Casas, M. (2012). Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the self-report Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+ (PDQ-4+) in psychiatric outpatients. Psicothema, 24, 156-160.
  • Calvo, N., Vives, X.C., Gutiérrez, F., & Torrubia, R. (2002). Adaptación española del Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+ [Spanish adaptation of the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+]. Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría, 30, 7-13.
  • Cohen, P. (2008). Child development and personality disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 31, 477-493.
  • Cohen, P., Crawford, T.N., Johnson, J.G., & Kasen, S. (2005). The children in the community study of developmental course of personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 19, 466-486.
  • Cohen, P., Chen, H., Crawford, T.N., Brook, J.S., & Gordon, K. (2007). Personality disorders in early adolescence and the development of later substance use disorders in the general population. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 88, Suppl. 1: S71-84.
  • Costello, E.J., Mustillo, S., Erkanli, A., Keeler, G., & Angold, A. (2003). Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60, 837-844
  • Crawford, T.N., Cohen, P., First, M.B., Skodol, A.E., Johnson, J.G., & Kasen, S. (2008). Comorbid Axis I and Axis II disorders in early adolescence: Outcomes 20 years later. Archives of General Psychiatry, 65, 641-648.
  • Chabrol, H., Rousseau, A., Callahan, S., & Hyler, S.E. (2007). Frequency and structure of DSM-IV personality disorder traits in college students. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 1767-1776.
  • Chen, H., Cohen, P., Crawford, T.N., Kasen, S., Guan, B., & Gorden, K. (2009). Impact of early adolescent psychiatric and personality disorder on long-term physical health: A 20-year longitudinal follow-up study. Psychological Medicine, 39, 865-874.
  • De Clercq, B., De Fruyt, F., & Widiger, T.A. (2009). Integrating a developmental perspective in dimensional models of personality disorders. Clinical Psychology Review, 29, 154-162.
  • Domínguez, M.G., Wichers, M., Lieb, R., Wittchen, H.-U., & van Os, J. (2011). Evidence that onset of clinical psychosis is an outcome of progressively more persistent subclinical psychotic experiences: An 8-Year Cohort Study. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 37, 84-93.
  • Durrett, C., & Westen, D. (2005). The structure of axis II disorders in adolescents: A cluster-and factor-analytic investigation of DSM-IV categories and criteria. Journal of Personality Disorders, 19, 440-461.
  • Esterberg, M.L., Goulding, S.M., & Walker, E.F. (2010). Cluster A personality disorders: Schizotypal, schizoid and paranoid personality disorders in childhood and adolescence. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 32, 515-528.
  • Feenstra, D.J., Busschbach, J.J., Verheul, R., & Hutsebaut, J. (2011). Prevalence and comorbidity of axis I and axis II disorders among treatment refractory adolescents admitted for specialized psychotherapy. Journal of Personality Disorders, 25, 842-850.
  • Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Lemos-Giráldez, S., Paino, M., & Muñiz, J. (2011). Schizotypy, emotional-behavioural problems and personality disorder traits in a non-clinical adolescent population. Psychiatry Research, 190, 316-321.
  • Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Lemos-Giráldez, S., Paino, M., Sierra-Baigrie, S., Santarén-Rosell, M., & Muñiz, J. (2011). Internal structure and reliability of the Oviedo Schizotypy Assessment Questionnaire (ESQUIZO-Q). International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 11, 385-402.
  • Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Lemos-Giráldez, S., Paino, M., Villazón-García, U., & Muñiz, J. (2009). Validation of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire Brief Form in adolescents. Schizophrenia Research, 111, 53-60.
  • Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Paino, M., Lemos-Girádez, S., Sierra-Baigrie, S., Ordóñez, N., & Muñiz, J. (2011). Early psychopathological features in Spanish adolescents. Psicothema, 23, 87-93.
  • Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Paino, M., Lemos-Giráldez, S., Sierra-Baigrie, S., & Muñiz, J. (2011). Measurement invariance of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief across gender and age. Psychiatry Research, 190, 309-315.
  • Fonseca-Pedrero, E., Santarén-Rosell, M., Lemos-Giráldez, S., Paino, M., Sierra-Baigrie, S., & Muñiz, J. (2011). Síntomas psicóticos subclínicos en población general adolescente [Psychotic-like experiences in the adolescent general population]. Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría, 39, 155-162.
  • Fossati, A., Raine, A., Carretta, I., Leonardi, B., & Maffei, C. (2003). The three-factor model of schizotypal personality: Invariance across age and gender. Personality and Individual Differences, 35(5), 1007-1019.
  • Grilo, C.M., Becker, D.F., Fehon, D.C., Walker, M.L., Edell, W.S., & McGlashan, T.H. (1996). Gender differences in personality disorders in psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 1089-1091.
  • Grilo, C.M., McGlashan, T.H., Quinlan, D.M., Walker, M.L., Greenfeld, D., & Edell, W.S. (1998). Frequency of personality disorders in two age cohorts of psychiatric inpatients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 140-142.
  • Hopwood, C.J., Thomas, K.M., Markon, K.E., Wright, A.G., & Krueger, R.F. (2012). DSM-5 personality traits and DSM-IV personality disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121, 424-432.
  • Huang, X., Ling, H., Yang, B., & Dou, G. (2007). Screening of personality disorders among Chinese college students by Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+. Journal of Personality Disorders, 21, 448-454.
  • Hyler, S.E. (1994). The Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire 4+. New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute.
  • Jackson, H.J., & Burgess, P.M. (2000). Personality disorders in the community: A report from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 35, 531-538.
  • Johnson, J.G., Bromley, E., Bornstein, R.F., & Sneed, J.R. (2006). Adolescent personality disorders. In D.A. Wolfe & E.J. Mash (Eds.), Behavioral and emotional disorders in children and adolescents: Nature, assessment, and treatment (pp. 463-484). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Johnson, J.G., Cohen, P., Kasen, S., & Brook, J. (2005). Personality disorder traits associated with risk for unipolar depression during middle adulthood. Psychiatry Research, 136, 113-121.
  • Johnson, J.G., Cohen, P., Kasen, S., Skodol, A.E., Hamagami, F., & Brook, J.S. (2000). Age-related change in personality disorder trait levels between early adolescence and adulthood: A community-based longitudinal investigation. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 102, 265-275.
  • Johnson, J.G., Cohen, P., Kasen, S., Skodol, A.E., & Oldham, J.M. (2008). Cumulative prevalence of personality disorders between adolescence and adulthood. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 118, 410-413.
  • Johnson, J.G., Cohen, P., Skodol, A.E., Oldham, J.M., Kasen, S., & Brook, J.S. (1999). Personality disorders in adolescence and risk of major mental disorders and suicidality during adulthood. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 805-811.
  • Johnson, J.G., Cohen, P., Smailes, E., Kasen, S., Oldham, J.M., Skodol, A.E., & Brook, J.S. (2000). Adolescent personality disorders associated with violence and criminal behavior during adolescence and early adulthood. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 1406-1412.
  • Kasen, S., Cohen, P., Skodol, A.E., Johnson, J.G., & Brook, J.S. (1999). Inffuence of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders on young adult personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 1529-1535.
  • Kendler, K.S., Czajkowski, N., Tambs, K., Torgersen, S., Aggen, S.H., Neale, M.C., & Reichborn-Kjennerud, T. (2006). Dimensional representations of DSM-IV Cluster A personality disorders in a population-based sample of Norwegian twins: A multivariate study. Psychological Medicine, 36, 1583-1591.
  • Kendler, K.S., McGuire, M., Gruenberg, A.M., O' Hare, A., Spellman, M., & Walsh, D. (1993). The Roscommon Family Study: III. Schizophrenia-related personality disorders in relatives. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, 781-788.
  • Kim-Cohen, J., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T.E., Harrington, H., Milne, B.J., & Poulton, R. (2003). Prior juvenile diagnoses in adults with mental disorder: Developmental follow-back of a prospective-longitudinal cohort. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60, 709-717.
  • Krueger, R.F. (2005). Continuity of Axes I and II: Toward a uniffed model of personality, personality disorders, and clinical disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 19, 233-261.
  • Leung, S.-W., & Leung, F. (2009). Construct validity and prevalence rate of borderline personality among chinese adolescents. Journal of Personality Disorders, 23, 494-513.
  • Lorenzo-Seva, U., & Ferrando, P.J. (2006). FACTOR: A computer program to fft the exploratory factor analysis model. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments and Computers, 38, 88-91.
  • Lozano, L.M., García-Cueto, E., & Muñiz, J. (2008). Effect of the number of response categories on the reliability and validity of rating scales. Methodology, 4, 73-79.
  • Markon, K.E., Chmielewski, M., & Miller, C.J. (2011). The reliability and validity of discrete and continuous measures of psychopathology: A quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, 137, 856-879.
  • Nuevo, R., Chatterji, S., Verdes, E., Naidoo, N., Arango, C., & Ayuso-Mateos, J.L. (2012). The continuum of psychotic symptoms in the general population: A cross-national study. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 38, 475-485.
  • Paris, J. (2004). Gender differences in personality traits and disorders. Current Psychiatry Reports, 6, 71-74.
  • Poulton, R., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T.E., Cannon, M., Murray, R., & Harrington, H. (2000). Children's self-reported psychotic symptoms and adult schizophreniform disorder: A 15-year longitudinal study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, 1053-1058.
  • Samuels, J. (2011). Personality disorders: Epidemiology and public health issues. International Review of Psychiatry, 23, 223-233.
  • Samuels, J., Eaton, W.W., Bienvenu, O.J., Brown, C.H., Costa, P.T., & Nestadt, G. (2002). Prevalence and correlates of personality disorders in a community sample. British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, 536-542.
  • Shiner, R.L. (2009). The development of personality disorders: Perspectives from normal personality development in childhood and adolescence. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 715-734.
  • Skodol, A., Johnson, J.G., Cohen, P., Sneed, J., & Crawford, T.N. (2007). Personality disorder and impaired functioning from adolescence to adulthood. British Journal of Psychiatry, 190, 415-420.
  • Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (2006). SPSS Base 15.0 User's Guide. Chicago, IL: SPSS.
  • Tackett, J.L., Balsis, S., Oltmanns, T.F., & Krueger, R.F. (2009). A unifying perspective on personality pathology across the life span: Developmental considerations for the fffth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 687-713.
  • Timmerman, M.E., & Lorenzo-Seva, U. (2011). Dimensionality assessment of ordered polytomous items with parallel analysis. Psychological Methods, 16, 209-220.
  • Torgersen, S., Kringlen, E., & Cramer, V. (2001). The prevalence of personality disorders in a community sample. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, 590-596.
  • Trull, T.J., Jahng, S., Tomko, R.L., Wood, P.K., & Sher, K.J. (2010). Revised NESARC personality disorder diagnoses: Gender, prevalence, and comorbidity with substance dependence disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 24, 412-426.
  • van Os, J., Linscott, R.J., Myin-Germeys, I., Delespaul, P., & Krabbendam, L. (2009). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the psychosis continuum: Evidence for a psychosis proneness-persistenceimpairment model of psychotic disorder. Psychological Medicine, 39, 179-195.
  • Vito, E., Ladame, F., & Orlandini, A. (1999). Adolescence and personality disorders: Current perspectives on a controversial problem. In J. Derksen, C. Maffei & H. Groen (Eds.), Treatment of personality disorders (pp. 77-95). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
  • Welham, J., Scott, J., Williams, G., Najman, J., Bor, W., O'Callaghan, M., & McGrath, J. (2009). Emotional and behavioural antecedents of young adults who screen positive for non-affective psychosis: A 21-year birth cohort study. Psychological Medicine, 39, 625-634.
  • Widiger, T.A., De Clercq, B., & De Fruyt, F. (2009). Childhood antecedents of personality disorder: An alternative perspective. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 771-791.
  • Widiger, T.A., Livesley, W.J., & Clark, L.A. (2009). An integrative dimensional classiffcation of personality disorder. Psychological Assessment, 21, 243-255.
  • Widiger, T.A., & Lowe, J. (2008). A dimensional model of personality disorder: Proposal for DSM-V. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 31, 363-378.
  • Widiger, T.A., & Trull, T.J. (2007). Plate tectonics in the classiffcation of personality disorder. American Psychologist, 62, 71-83.
  • Wigman, J.T., Vollebergh, W.A., Raaijmakers, Q.A., Iedema, J., van Dorsselaer, S., Ormel, J., Verhulst, F.C., & van Os, J. (2011). The structure of the extended psychosis phenotype in early adolescence-A cross-sample replication. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 37, 850-860.
  • Woods, S.W., Addington, J., Cadenhead, K.S., Cannon, T.D., Cornblatt, B.A., Heinssen, R., Perkins, D.O., Seidman, L.J., Tsuang, M.T., Walker, E.F., & McGlashan, T.H. (2009). Validity of the prodromal risk syndrome for ffrst psychosis: Findings from the north american prodrome longitudinal study. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 35(5), 894-908.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet